HRAF Cross Cultural Concordance
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Culture NameEthnonymsTimeSpecific Sub-Cultural FocusProfile Link
!KungAuen, Basarwa, Bojesman, Buchman, Bushmen, Gǀwi, Gǁana, Haiǁom, Heikum, Hiechware, Hukwe, Kung, Kxoe, Makwengo, Masarwa, Naro, Naron, Nharo, Nusan, San (African people), Sangua, Sarwa, Soaqua, Tannekwe, Tserekwe, Xam, Zhuǀóasi, ǃKoó, ǃKung, ǃXoó, ǃXu1950Nyae Nyae Region
Region
Africa
Country
Angola; Botswana; Namibia
Language
Kung-Tsumkwe (KTZ)
eHRAF World Cultures
ID
FX10
Name
San
OWCDocument NoCoverageAuthorTitle
FX101entireMarshall, LornaMarriage among !Kung Bushmen (1959)
FX105entireMarshall, LornaThe kin terminology system of the !Kung Bushmen (1957)
FX106entireMarshall, LornaN!ow (1957)
FX109entireThomas, Elizabeth Marshall, 1931-The harmless people (1959)
FX1011entireMarshall, JohnMan as hunter (1958)
FX1012entireMarshall, LornaSharing, talking, and giving (1961)
FX1013entireMarshall, Lorna!Kung Bushman religious beliefs (1962)
FX1015entireMarshall, LornaThe !Kung Bushmen of the Kalahari Desert (1965)
FX1017entireMarshall, LornaThe !Kung of Nyae Nyae (1976)
Standard Cross-Cultural Sample
ID
2
Name
Kung
Time
1950
Ethnographic Atlas
ID
Aa01
Name
Kung
Time
1950
Ethnographic Atlas Summary
ID
Aa01
Name
Kung
Time
1950
Atlas of World Cultures
ID
A02a
Name
Kung Bushmen
Time
1950
HRAF Fiche
ID
FX10
Name
San
Source
1,5,6,9,11,12,13,15,17
!KungAuen, Basarwa, Bojesman, Buchman, Bushmen, Gǀwi, Gǁana, Haiǁom, Heikum, Hiechware, Hukwe, Kung, Kxoe, Makwengo, Masarwa, Naro, Naron, Nharo, Nusan, San (African people), Sangua, Sarwa, Soaqua, Tannekwe, Tserekwe, Xam, Zhuǀóasi, ǃKoó, ǃKung, ǃXoó, ǃXu1973/ai/ai
Region
Africa
Country
Botswana
Language
Kung-Tsumkwe (KTZ)
eHRAF World Cultures
ID
FX10
Name
San
OWCDocument NoCoverageAuthorTitle
FX1020entireWiessner, Pauline Wilson, 1947-Hxaro (1978 [1988 copy])
HRAF Fiche
ID
FX10
Name
San
Source
20
!KungAuen, Basarwa, Bojesman, Buchman, Bushmen, Gǀwi, Gǁana, Haiǁom, Heikum, Hiechware, Hukwe, Kung, Kxoe, Makwengo, Masarwa, Naro, Naron, Nharo, Nusan, San (African people), Sangua, Sarwa, Soaqua, Tannekwe, Tserekwe, Xam, Zhuǀóasi, ǃKoó, ǃKung, ǃXoó, ǃXu1963Dobe Region
Region
Africa
Country
Angola; Botswana; Namibia
Language
Kung-Tsumkwe (KTZ)
eHRAF World Cultures
ID
FX10
Name
San
OWCDocument NoCoverageAuthorTitle
FX1016entireLee, Richard B., 1937-Subsistence ecology of !Kung Bushmen (1966 [1971 copy])
FX1019entireHowell, NancyDemography of the Dobe !Kung (1979)
HRAF Fiche
ID
FX10
Name
San
Source
16,19
!KungNoneNot SpecifiedDobe-/Du/da Region
Region
Africa
Country
Angola; Botswana; Namibia
Language
Kung-Tsumkwe (KTZ)
HRAF Fiche
ID
FX10
Name
San
Source
31
!KungAuen, Basarwa, Bojesman, Buchman, Bushmen, Gǀwi, Gǁana, Haiǁom, Heikum, Hiechware, Hukwe, Kung, Kxoe, Makwengo, Masarwa, Naro, Naron, Nharo, Nusan, San (African people), Sangua, Sarwa, Soaqua, Tannekwe, Tserekwe, Xam, Zhuǀóasi, ǃKoó, ǃKung, ǃXoó, ǃXu1968Dobe-/Du/da Region
Region
Africa
Country
Angola; Botswana; Namibia
Language
Kung-Tsumkwe (KTZ)
eHRAF World Cultures
ID
FX10
Name
San
OWCDocument NoCoverageAuthorTitle
FX1032entireDraper, Patricia!Kung women (1975)
FX1043entireDraper, PatriciaTechnological change and child behavior among the !Kung (1988)
HRAF Fiche
ID
FX10
Name
San
Source
32,43
!KungAuen, Basarwa, Bojesman, Buchman, Bushmen, Gǀwi, Gǁana, Haiǁom, Heikum, Hiechware, Hukwe, Kung, Kxoe, Makwengo, Masarwa, Naro, Naron, Nharo, Nusan, San (African people), Sangua, Sarwa, Soaqua, Tannekwe, Tserekwe, Xam, Zhuǀóasi, ǃKoó, ǃKung, ǃXoó, ǃXu1900Not Specified
Region
Africa
Country
Angola; Botswana; Namibia
Language
Kung-Tsumkwe (KTZ)
eHRAF World Cultures
ID
FX10
Name
San
OWCDocument NoCoverageAuthorTitle
FX104entireWerner, H.Anthropological, ethnological and ethnographic observations concerning the Heikum and Kung Bushmen (1906)
HRAF Fiche
ID
FX10
Name
San
Source
4
!KungNoneNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Region
Africa
Country
Namibia
Language
Kung-Tsumkwe (KTZ)
World Ethnographic Sample
Name
Kung
AbabdaNone1920Not Specified
Region
Africa
Country
Egypt; Ethiopia; Sudan
Language
Beja (BEI)
Ethnographic Atlas
ID
Ca34
Name
Ababda
Time
1920
AbaramboNone1890Not Specified
Region
Africa
Country
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Language
Barambu (BRM)
Ethnographic Atlas
ID
Ai27
Name
Abarambo
Time
1890
AbronNone1900Not Specified
Region
Africa
Culture Area
West Africa
Country
Ghana; Cote d'Ivoire
Language
Abron (ABR)
Ethnographic Atlas
ID
Af38
Name
Abron
Time
1900
Export
Field NameDescription
Culture NameWherever possible, we have tried to use the conventional name for the culture.
Start DateStart date for range dates. If there is only one year, start and end dates will be same. (9999 for Unknown and 8888 for NULL values)
End DateEnd date for range dates. If there is only one year, start and end dates will be same. (9999 for Unknown and 8888 for NULL values)
Community NameIf the focus is a community (band, hamlet, neighborhood, village), the name is given here if known.
District NameIf the community is located in a known district, the name is given here.
Focus NoteFocus note.
Region CodeRegion code for the focus.
Culture AreaCulture area for the focus.
CountriesCountry list for the focus.
PopulationPopulation for the focus (thousand).
Population YearPopulation year for the focus.
Population NotePopulation note.
Language NameThe language name is obtained from Ethnologue. When the project was started, reference was made to the 10th edition (Grimes 1984); more recently we have used 11th edition (Grimes 1988).
Language CodeThe three letter code for language from Ethnologue. Each code designates a unique language.
Language NoteComments or problems with language.
SCCS IDThe ID number in the SCCS (from 001-186).
SCCS NameThe name of the society as it appears in the SCCS.
SCCS DateThe ethnographic present that appears in the SCCS.
SCCS NoteComments or problems with the concordance.
EA IDThe alphanumeric identification number given in the Atlas. All numerals were changed to two digits (e.g., Aa1 becomes Aa01).
EA NameThe name of the society as it appears in the Atlas.
EA DateThe ethnographic present that appears in the Atlas.
EA NoteComments or problems with the concordance.
EA Summary IDThe alphanumeric identification number given in the Atlas summary. All numerals were changed to two digits (e.g., Aa1 becomes Aa01).
EA Summary NameThe name of the society as it appears in the Atlas summary.
EA Summary DateThe ethnographic present that appears in the Atlas.
EA Summary NoteComments or problems with the concordance.
AWC IDThe alphanumeric identification number given in the AWC.
AWC NameThe name of the society as it appears in the AWC.
AWC DateThe ethnographic present that appear in the AWC.
AWC NoteComments or problems with the concordance.
SRS1 if sample in the focus and 0 if sample is not in the focus. Since all these cases are in Fiche (and eHRAF), the reader should look at the Fiche (and eHRAF) fields for the appropriate information.
PSF Cluster NoThe number of the cluster (culture area) that the society falls in.
PSF Cluster NameThe name of the cluster.
SES NameThe name of the society in the SES.
Fiche IDIf there are some sources that match the focus for the case, the HRAF identification number (OWC or Outline of World Cultures number; OWC no.) is given for those files currently in the archive.
Fiche NameThe name of the HRAF file is given here. Since HRAF tends to have comprehensive files, that is, sources that span different time periods and different places, the name is often more general than the typical cross-cultural sample name.
Fiche SourceThe source numbers in HRAF that clearly match the focus are provided here. The user should keep in mind that other sources in HRAF (not mentioned here) might give appropriate information (e.g., if a later source gives historical information in a chapter). These source guides are intended to provide the best matches. Source numbers are given with the word “partial” or “caution” in parentheses. “Partial” refers to the fact that the source might contain only certain chapters that match, or that the source discusses several foci. If the word “caution” is used, it is probably either because the time focus or place focus is uncertain, or the source moves from one focus to another without that much clarity.
Fiche NoteComments or problems on the matching sources.
eHRAF IDIf there are some sources that match the focus for the case, the HRAF identification number (OWC or Outline of World Cultures number; OWC no.) is given for those files currently in the eHRAF World Cultures database.
eHRAF NameThe name of the eHRAF file is given here. Since eHRAF tends to have comprehensive files, that is, sources that span different time periods and different places, the name is often more general than the typical cross-cultural sample name.
eHRAF SourceThe source numbers in eHRAF World Culture that clearly match the focus are provided here. The user should keep in mind that other sources in eHRAF WC (not mentioned here) might give appropriate information (e.g., if a later source gives historical information in a chapter). These source guides are intended to provide the best matches. Source numbers are given with the word “partial” or “caution” in parentheses. “Partial” refers to the fact that the source might contain only certain chapters that match, or that the source discusses several foci. If the word “caution” is used, it is probably either because the time focus or place focus is uncertain, or the source moves from one focus to another without that much clarity.
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