Hypotheses
- "The Malevolent Practitioners are generally referred to by terms that are translated as 'sorcerers' or 'witches'. They are part-time specialists, with low social and economic status. In most societies, malevolent practitioners can be either male or female". (27)Winkelman, Michael James - Magico-religious practitioner types and socioeconomic conditions, 1986 - 0 Variables
The authors examine the relationship between magico-religious practitioner type and socioeconomic variables in order to present a typology of magico-religious practitioners. Three bases for magico-religious practitioners are discussed in terms of selection procedures and activities. Several hypotheses are empirically tested, and descriptive generalizations derived from analyses are presented.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Mediums are part-time practitioners who in most societies are predominantly female; males are also found in this role, but less frequently. Mediums act at clients' requests to heal and divine while in possession trance states".(27)
"Mediums were characterized by training that included significantly higher levels of spontaneous seizures or illness, compulsive motor behavior, tremors, and convulsions. All but one of the Mediums were characterized as undergoing possession trance experiences" (30).Winkelman, Michael James - Magico-religious practitioner types and socioeconomic conditions, 1986 - 0 Variables
The authors examine the relationship between magico-religious practitioner type and socioeconomic variables in order to present a typology of magico-religious practitioners. Three bases for magico-religious practitioners are discussed in terms of selection procedures and activities. Several hypotheses are empirically tested, and descriptive generalizations derived from analyses are presented.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Trance states, labeled as soul journeys, were present for almost all of the Shamans"(30)Winkelman, Michael James - Magico-religious practitioner types and socioeconomic conditions, 1986 - 0 Variables
The authors examine the relationship between magico-religious practitioner type and socioeconomic variables in order to present a typology of magico-religious practitioners. Three bases for magico-religious practitioners are discussed in terms of selection procedures and activities. Several hypotheses are empirically tested, and descriptive generalizations derived from analyses are presented.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "the nature of the selection procedures for magico-religious roles is strongly related to the activities in which practitioners engage" (33)Winkelman, Michael James - Magico-religious practitioner types and socioeconomic conditions, 1986 - 0 Variables
The authors examine the relationship between magico-religious practitioner type and socioeconomic variables in order to present a typology of magico-religious practitioners. Three bases for magico-religious practitioners are discussed in terms of selection procedures and activities. Several hypotheses are empirically tested, and descriptive generalizations derived from analyses are presented.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Societies with a single practitioner always has a practitioner from the Healer Complex present, generally a Shaman. Societies with two practitioner types present generally has a Priest and a Shaman/Healer or a functionally equivalent pattern", and societies with three practitioner types present all had a Priest and a member of the Healer Complex, with the third practitioner being either a Malevolent Practitioner or a Medium. "Societies with four practitioners exhibited a single pattern of a Priest, a Malevolent Practitioner, a Medium, and a practitioner from the Healer Complex". (35)Winkelman, Michael James - Magico-religious practitioner types and socioeconomic conditions, 1986 - 0 Variables
The authors examine the relationship between magico-religious practitioner type and socioeconomic variables in order to present a typology of magico-religious practitioners. Three bases for magico-religious practitioners are discussed in terms of selection procedures and activities. Several hypotheses are empirically tested, and descriptive generalizations derived from analyses are presented.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "If a Shaman is present, there are generally no other practitioner types present". (34)Winkelman, Michael James - Magico-religious practitioner types and socioeconomic conditions, 1986 - 0 Variables
The authors examine the relationship between magico-religious practitioner type and socioeconomic variables in order to present a typology of magico-religious practitioners. Three bases for magico-religious practitioners are discussed in terms of selection procedures and activities. Several hypotheses are empirically tested, and descriptive generalizations derived from analyses are presented.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "All of the Shamans were in nomadic or seminomadic societies, which generally has hunting and gathering economies" (36)..."However, all of the Shaman/Healers were found in societies with agriculture, and almost all of the Healers were found in societies with political integration beyond the local level" (36)Winkelman, Michael James - Magico-religious practitioner types and socioeconomic conditions, 1986 - 5 Variables
The authors examine the relationship between magico-religious practitioner type and socioeconomic variables in order to present a typology of magico-religious practitioners. Three bases for magico-religious practitioners are discussed in terms of selection procedures and activities. Several hypotheses are empirically tested, and descriptive generalizations derived from analyses are presented.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Mediums occurred in societies with agricultural or pastoral economies, and, with one exception, they occurred only in societies with political integration beyond the local level" (36)Winkelman, Michael James - Magico-religious practitioner types and socioeconomic conditions, 1986 - 3 Variables
The authors examine the relationship between magico-religious practitioner type and socioeconomic variables in order to present a typology of magico-religious practitioners. Three bases for magico-religious practitioners are discussed in terms of selection procedures and activities. Several hypotheses are empirically tested, and descriptive generalizations derived from analyses are presented.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Both graded and ungraded male age organizations seem to create cross-cutting ties, but neither has an important economic power in the society"(243).Ericksen, Karen P. - Male and female age organizations and secret societies in Africa, 1989 - 0 Variables
The author explicitly defines and provides code for male and female age organizations and secret societies in Africa, as well as their significant sociopolitical roles within society. The author conducts preliminary analysis using the codes to explore characteristics and regional patterns of such organizations and societies. The analysis is compared to existing studies in order to assess the code and better understand cross-cultural patterns and variances. The author identifies the usefulness of the code beyond Africa, and discusses avenues for future research. No explicit hypotheses were tested, but Ericksen includes some descriptive generalizations.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Political integration and the presence of classes are correlated with the presence of Malevolent PractitionersWinkelman, Michael James - Magico-religious practitioner types and socioeconomic conditions, 1986 - 3 Variables
The authors examine the relationship between magico-religious practitioner type and socioeconomic variables in order to present a typology of magico-religious practitioners. Three bases for magico-religious practitioners are discussed in terms of selection procedures and activities. Several hypotheses are empirically tested, and descriptive generalizations derived from analyses are presented.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author