Protest masculinity: a further look at the causes and the concept

Father-absence will be positively associated with hypermasculine behaviors and traits in adult males (109).

Test
Test Name	Support	Significance	Coefficient	Tail
Chi square	Supported	p<.05 (infancy) p<.01 (childhood)	?=.385 (adult) ?=.47 (child)	`UNKNOWN`

Variables
Variable Name	Variable Type	OCM Term(s)
Father-absence	Independent	Sleeping, Family Relationships, Infant Care, Child Care
Hypermasculinity	Dependent	Crime, Ingroup Antagonisms, Personality Traits, Social Personality

Main Author	Published Year	Hypothesis	Supported	Variables Tested
Broude, Gwen J.	1988	There will be a correlation between father absence in infancy and the couvade (904).	Supported	2	Cite Related Hypotheses More By Author
Broude, Gwen J.	1980	A double standard in extramarital sex norms will be related to father absence (204).	Supported	2	Cite Related Hypotheses More By Author
Broude, Gwen J.	1988	Controlling for status envy, mother-infant sleeping arrangements and frequent matrilocality, along with father absence, will be correlated with the couvade (905).	Not Supported	5	Cite Related Hypotheses More By Author
Ember, Carol R.	2002	In addition to socialization for aggression, there will be a positive relationship between father's sleeping distance and the frequency of homocide/ assault (300).	Supported	3	Cite Related Hypotheses More By Author
Ember, Carol R.	2002	There will be a relationship between use of corporal punishment and frequency of homicide/assault (305).	Not Supported	2	Cite Related Hypotheses More By Author