Hypotheses
- "Our hypothesis is that men will do more than women in subsistence unless warfare prevents them from doing so" (579)Ember, Melvin - The conditions favoring matrilocal versus patrilocal residence, 1971 - 2 Variables
This study analyzes several variables that influence matrilocal versus patrilocal residence. Results indicate that the traditional assumption that division of labor determines residence was not supported. Rather, results suggest that internal warfare favors partilocal residence and matrilocal residence is favored by purely external warfare if division of labor is matridominant.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "As for how warfare might affect residence, we found that matrilocal societies have purely external warfare (warfare only with other societies) much more often than patrilocal societies" (593)Ember, Melvin - The conditions favoring matrilocal versus patrilocal residence, 1971 - 2 Variables
This study analyzes several variables that influence matrilocal versus patrilocal residence. Results indicate that the traditional assumption that division of labor determines residence was not supported. Rather, results suggest that internal warfare favors partilocal residence and matrilocal residence is favored by purely external warfare if division of labor is matridominant.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - ". . . conditions that enhance the status of males are polygyny, moveable property such as herds or slaves or money, multilocal political integration, and warfare . . . [and] each . . . should predict male localization" (576)Ember, Melvin - The conditions favoring matrilocal versus patrilocal residence, 1971 - 6 Variables
This study analyzes several variables that influence matrilocal versus patrilocal residence. Results indicate that the traditional assumption that division of labor determines residence was not supported. Rather, results suggest that internal warfare favors partilocal residence and matrilocal residence is favored by purely external warfare if division of labor is matridominant.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Societies that have internal warfare or purely external warfare with men contributing a great deal to subsistence should tend toward patrilocality; those with purely external war and high female contribution to subsistence should tend toward matrilocalityEmber, Carol R. - Residential variation among hunter-gatherers, 1975 - 2 Variables
This study explores predictors of variation in two dimensions of marital residence patterns among hunter-gatherers: 1) the tendency toward patrilocality versus matrilocality and 2) the tendency toward unilocality versus bilocality.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "When females make a relatively greater contribution to basic subsistence residence will tend to be uxorilocal or matrilocal, but residence will tend to be virilocal or patrilocal when females make a lesser contribution to subsistence" (63)Divale, William Tulio - The causes of matrilocal residence: a cross-ethnohistorical survey, 1974 - 2 Variables
Author proposes and presents evidence in support of the theory that most societies practice virilocal or patrilocal residence (this is the "normal" pattern" and that matrilocal residence is adopted when societies migrate to an already populated area.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Foragers will have less warfare than societies with other subsistence strategies (6).Ember, Carol R. - Violence in the ethnographic record: results of cross-cultural research on w..., 1997 - 2 Variables
This paper reviews the results of the author's cross-cultural studies of war and aggression and their implications for prehistory.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Societies with equality of the sexes in inheritance should tend to have two or more fairly frequent patterns of consanguineal residence" (386)Ember, Carol R. - The conditions favoring multilocal residence, 1972 - 2 Variables
This paper presents empirical evidence suggesting that multilocal residence is most common in societies that have experienced depopulation, likely due to the introduction of a new infectious disease. Other potential explanatory variables—such as the presence of migratory bands, little or no agriculture, and equality of the sexes in inheritance—were not significant predictors of multilocal residence when controlling for depopulation.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "In the present hunter gatherer sample . . . when men's [subsistence] contribution is high . . . residence tends toward patrilocality; and when men's contribution is relatively low, residence tends toward matrilocality" (202)Ember, Carol R. - Residential variation among hunter-gatherers, 1975 - 2 Variables
This study explores predictors of variation in two dimensions of marital residence patterns among hunter-gatherers: 1) the tendency toward patrilocality versus matrilocality and 2) the tendency toward unilocality versus bilocality.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Non-pacified foragers are less likely to socialize for mistrust than non-pacified food-producers (11).Ember, Carol R. - Violence in the ethnographic record: results of cross-cultural research on w..., 1997 - 2 Variables
This paper reviews the results of the author's cross-cultural studies of war and aggression and their implications for prehistory.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Exclusive mother-child sleeping and a long postpartum sex taboo are positively associated with male initiation ceremonies in the presence of all of the following catalysts: nonmatrilocal societies, more-than-rare warfare, nonstate societies.Ember, Carol R. - Explaining male initiation ceremonies: new cross-cultural tests and a cataly..., 2010 - 6 Variables
This article discusses two different explanations of male initiation ceremonies. Evidence is also presented that suggests that psychological conflict might strongly predict male initiation in the presence of the following catalysts: nonmatrilocal residence, nonstate political organization, and warfare.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author