Hypotheses
- "Women are more likely . . . to assert themselves [i.e., to have sung rasp] in societies where they make a significant or predominant contribution to subsistence" (208).Erickson, Edwin E. - Self-assertion, sex role, and vocal rasp, 1968 - 2 Variables
This chapter examines the relationship between singing behavior, specifically vocal rasp, and sex-role differences. Results suggest that conformity training is negatively associated with the use of vocal rasp. Results also suggest that women are more likely to sing with vocal rasp in societies where they make a more significant contribution to subsistence.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Sexual restrictions on unmarried girls predict nasal and narrow singing.Erickson, Edwin E. - Tradition and evolution in song style: a reanalysis of cantometric data, 1976 - 2 Variables
The author reanalyzes hypotheses proposed by Lomax et al. (1968) that are based on Lomax's collection of cantometric data. Considering historical/regional variables, the author suggests that difusion and common history better explain certain musical features such as wordiness than functional and evolutionary processes. However, other Lomax findings are supported involving interlocked, contrapuntal singing and narrow nasal-voiced singing.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - A prominent female role in subsistence production predicts polyphonic or multiparted singing.Erickson, Edwin E. - Tradition and evolution in song style: a reanalysis of cantometric data, 1976 - 2 Variables
The author reanalyzes hypotheses proposed by Lomax et al. (1968) that are based on Lomax's collection of cantometric data. Considering historical/regional variables, the author suggests that difusion and common history better explain certain musical features such as wordiness than functional and evolutionary processes. However, other Lomax findings are supported involving interlocked, contrapuntal singing and narrow nasal-voiced singing.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Ayres found a significant relation between childhood training for compliance and cohesive singing and the contrastive correlation of assertiveness with individualized singing" (191)Lomax, Alan - Folk song style and culture, 1968 - 2 Variables
A large-scale comparative study of folk songs around the world employing systematic measures (cantometrics). The aim was not just to describe variation but to test hypotheses about the relationships between song style and societal structures. Dance was also considered.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - There is a relationship between melodic ornamentation and sociocomplexity.Erickson, Edwin E. - Tradition and evolution in song style: a reanalysis of cantometric data, 1976 - 3 Variables
The author reanalyzes hypotheses proposed by Lomax et al. (1968) that are based on Lomax's collection of cantometric data. Considering historical/regional variables, the author suggests that difusion and common history better explain certain musical features such as wordiness than functional and evolutionary processes. However, other Lomax findings are supported involving interlocked, contrapuntal singing and narrow nasal-voiced singing.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Ayres found a significant relation between childhood training for compliance and cohesive singing and the contrastive correlation of assertiveness with individualized singing" (191).Lomax, Alan - Social solidarity, 1968 - 2 Variables
This chapter examines the relationship between social cohesion (measured using variables like subsistence type, stable work teams, and settlement patterns) and musical cohesion. All hypotheses are supported.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Competitive games will be associated with socialization for achievement, fortitude, and self-restraint in childhood, aggressiveness in adolescence, and competitiveness, self-reliance, and sexual restraint in both childhood and adolescence (39).Schlegel, Alice - Adolescents at play: a cross-cultural study of adolescent games, 1989 - 8 Variables
This chapter investigates correlates of competitive adolescent games, focusing on societal and family characteristics as well as socialization variables and personality traits. Data suggest that games meant to encourage competitiveness will be more common for boys than for girls. Competitive games are also statistically associated with low societal and technological complexity, small and monogamous family organization, less physical contact and comfort in infant socialization, less integration in adult activities, and various personality traits.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Pressures toward achievement and self-reliance would be associated with frequent drunkenness" (38)Bacon, Margaret K. - A cross-cultural study of drinking: ii. relations to other features of culture, 1965 - 8 Variables
This study explores cultural variables associated with frequency of drunkenness and ceremonial drinking. Particular attention was paid to childhood socialization variables, as well as politcal and social organization. Results show a low correlation between frequency of drunkenness and frequency of ceremonial drinking, and various other variables are associated with each.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Pressures toward achievement and self reliance are . . . [negatively related] with ceremonial drinking" (41)Bacon, Margaret K. - A cross-cultural study of drinking: ii. relations to other features of culture, 1965 - 8 Variables
This study explores cultural variables associated with frequency of drunkenness and ceremonial drinking. Particular attention was paid to childhood socialization variables, as well as politcal and social organization. Results show a low correlation between frequency of drunkenness and frequency of ceremonial drinking, and various other variables are associated with each.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "[Societies] with stronger pressure toward compliance rather than assertion in child training generally also had greater emphasis on food producing than on food collecting in the subsistence economy" (31)Barry III, Herbert - Cross-cultural research with matched pairs of societies, 1969 - 2 Variables
This study examines 12 matched pairs of closely related societies and suggests that there is a relationship between socialization pressure toward compliance (rather than assertion) and emphasis on food production. Results also indicate that stronger compliance training is associated with higher indulgence in infancy and lower frequency of drunkenness in adulthood.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author