Found 3523 Hypotheses across 353 Pages (0.037 seconds)
  1. "More [eye] pigmented peoples will be better judges of line lengths in the Muller-Lyer figure (i.e., be less illusion susceptible) than will less [eye] pigmented peoples" (78)Bornstein, Marc H. - The psychophysiological component of cultural difference in color naming and..., 1973 - 2 Variables

    This article examines the variation in color naming and susceptibility to visual illusions cross-culturally. Results suggest a geographic patterning of color naming and illusion susceptibility which parallels the distribution of eye pigmentation.

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  2. "The distribution of color term 'confusions' runs in geographic parallel with increasing skin and eye pigmentation. [This is] typically manifest in [confusing green and blue] or perceiving blue or green and blue as darker or black" (42, 69)Bornstein, Marc H. - The psychophysiological component of cultural difference in color naming and..., 1973 - 2 Variables

    This article examines the variation in color naming and susceptibility to visual illusions cross-culturally. Results suggest a geographic patterning of color naming and illusion susceptibility which parallels the distribution of eye pigmentation.

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  3. Differences in visual inference systems will vary with ecological and cultural factors in the visual environment (770).Segall, Marshall H. - Cultural differences in the perception of geometric illusions, 1963 - 2 Variables

    "Data from 15 societies are presented in an effort to show substantial intersocietal differences of two types in susceptibility to geometric optical illusions. The results suggest the existence of different habits of perceptual inference which relate to cultural and ecological factors in the visual environment."

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  4. Greater population sizes will predict a greater number of specializations.Ben-Oren, Yotam - Cultural specialization as a double-edged sword: division into specialized g..., 2023 - 2 Variables

    This article presents a model of cultural evolution simulating the accumulation of tools in specialized and non-specialized populations under different demographic and environmental scenarios. The model predicts that the relationship between population size and repertoire size is nonlinear and can differ between non-specialized and specialized populations. For small population sizes, the non-specialized populations maintain knowledge better and therefore reach higher average repertoire sizes. In large populations, specialized populations can reach higher average repertoire sizes. This is because non-specialized population's total repertoire size is limited by the capacity of individuals to accumulate knowledge of different skills, while in specialized populations, each individual needs to know only a fraction of the population's repertoire. However, the model also predicts that specialized populations are more susceptible to information loss due to their subdivision of knowledge, and this can be amplified by demographic and environmental factors. The authors also use ethnographic data to analyze the relationship between population size and degree of craft specialization of societies, and how this may be influenced by ecological factors.

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  5. Net primary productivity is correlated with number of specializations.Ben-Oren, Yotam - Cultural specialization as a double-edged sword: division into specialized g..., 2023 - 2 Variables

    This article presents a model of cultural evolution simulating the accumulation of tools in specialized and non-specialized populations under different demographic and environmental scenarios. The model predicts that the relationship between population size and repertoire size is nonlinear and can differ between non-specialized and specialized populations. For small population sizes, the non-specialized populations maintain knowledge better and therefore reach higher average repertoire sizes. In large populations, specialized populations can reach higher average repertoire sizes. This is because non-specialized population's total repertoire size is limited by the capacity of individuals to accumulate knowledge of different skills, while in specialized populations, each individual needs to know only a fraction of the population's repertoire. However, the model also predicts that specialized populations are more susceptible to information loss due to their subdivision of knowledge, and this can be amplified by demographic and environmental factors. The authors also use ethnographic data to analyze the relationship between population size and degree of craft specialization of societies, and how this may be influenced by ecological factors.

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  6. Concentration of political power will be negatively associated with adults' political involvement in preindustrial societies (80).Ross, Marc Howard - Political organization and political participation: exit, voice, and loyalty..., 1988 - 2 Variables

    This article examines causes of political participation in pre-industrial societies, particularly the level of resources and organization of resources. Hirschman’s concepts of exit, voice, and loyalty are also discussed. A distinction is made between range of community decision-making and the degree of adult involvement. Results from a multiple regression analysis favor the more structural variables (i.e. organization of resources) in the prediction of political participation.

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  7. Teknonymy will be positively associated with variables which indicate either age-grading, highlighting of individual status, respect for children, respect for equals, or emphasizing parental roles (92).Alford, Richard - Naming and identity: a cross-cultural study of personal naming practices, 1987 - 7 Variables

    This book examines naming practices cross-culturally. The author posits that naming practices help to both reflect and create conceptions of personal identity. Several correlations between name meanings and practices and various sociocultural variables are presented.

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  8. Shame and devaluation will be positively associated between individuals and local audiences (9705).Sznycer, Daniel - Cross-Cultural Invariances in the Architecture of Shame, 2018 - 3 Variables

    This study looks at the possibility of a universal system of social valuation by examining the correlation between shame and devaluation. Researchers conducted an experiment among 899 participants from 15 communities of high cultural variation in order to test if similar relationships between shame and devaluation exist independently of cultural contact or cultural evolution. The findings reveal that shame and devaluation are closely linked both between individuals and members of a local audience, as well as cross-culturally.

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  9. Population pressure will be positively associated with socioeconomic complexity in hunter-gatherer groups (376).Keeley, Lawrence H. - Hunter-gatherer economic complexity and “population pressure”: A cross-cultu..., 1988 - 2 Variables

    This study examines the relationship between population pressure and socioeconomic complexity in a cross-cultural sample of hunter-gatherer groups. The author suggests a causal component to the positive correlations found, arguing that increasing population pressure on food resources requires increasing storage dependence, which in turn drives sedentism and other indicators of socioeconomic complexity.

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  10. Concentration of political power will be associated with socioeconomic complexity, socialization for obedience versus self-reliance, imposed social control, and father’s role in childrearing (235).Ross, Marc Howard - Socioeconomic complexity, socialization, and political differentiation: a cr..., 1981 - 5 Variables

    This article examines structural and dispositional explanations for complexity of political institutions. Analysis suggests that both socioeconomic organization and socialization variables are useful in understanding the concentration, specialization, and centralization of political power, but socioeconomic organization variables have stronger associations.

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