Hypotheses
- Nasal consonants, non-nasal labial stops, and low vowels will the sounds most frequently used by young children to denote the mother and father (1).Murdock, George Peter - Cross-language parallels in parental kin terms, 1959 - 2 Variables
This article examines the universal tendency for languages, regardless of their historical relationships, to develop similar words for mother and father on the basis of nursery forms. Findings suggest that Ma, Na, Pa, and Ta are significantly more common sound classes denoting the mother or father.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Weekdays that are chronologically closer to weekend days will aquire loan words as labels before weekdays in the middle of the seven-day cycle…languages borrow terms for Saturday and Sunday before they borrow a term for any weekday" (536).Brown, Cecil H. - Naming the days of the week: a cross-language study of lexical acculturation, 1989 - 2 Variables
This paper provides a linguistic study of the effect of lexical acculturation on the names given to days of the week. Findings show that loan words are used most frequently adopted for weekend days, followed by the days of the week that are closest to the weekends, and least frequently adopted for the days in the middle of the seven-day cycle.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Many basic vocabulary items will be associated with specific sounds across world languages.Blasi, Damian E. - Sound–meaning association biases evidenced across thousands of languages, 2016 - 2 Variables
Scholars generally agree that, across languages, the relationship between particular sounds and the meaning of words is arbitrary. In this article the authors test this assumption, seeking patterned associations between sound and meaning in the basic vocabulary lists of a large, worldwide sample of languages.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - There will be a positive relationship between the degree of baby holding and CV score (732).Ember, Melvin - Cross-language predictors of consonant-vowel syllables, 2000 - 2 Variables
This study tests predictors of consonant-vowel prevalence cross-culturally. Authors reevaluate the findings of Munroe et. al. (1996) and also test a new variable—baby-holding—for its relationship to CV score. Results suggest that baby-holding is a significant predictor of CV score.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - The number of consonant-vowel syllables will be negatively associated with written language (61, 65).Munroe, Robert L. - Cross-cultural correlates of the consonant-vowel (cv) syllable, 1996 - 2 Variables
This study examines whether language construction, specifically the number of consonant-vowel syllables, will be related to the environment and literacy of a society. Empirical analysis suggests that consonant-vowel syllables are more common in warmer climates and less common in written languages.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "The Malevolent Practitioners are generally referred to by terms that are translated as 'sorcerers' or 'witches'. They are part-time specialists, with low social and economic status. In most societies, malevolent practitioners can be either male or female". (27)Winkelman, Michael James - Magico-religious practitioner types and socioeconomic conditions, 1986 - 0 Variables
The authors examine the relationship between magico-religious practitioner type and socioeconomic variables in order to present a typology of magico-religious practitioners. Three bases for magico-religious practitioners are discussed in terms of selection procedures and activities. Several hypotheses are empirically tested, and descriptive generalizations derived from analyses are presented.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Strong sonority in the speech signal will be associated with warmer climates (846).Munroe, Robert L. - Rhythmicity or sonority: response to ember and ember's "cross-language predi..., 2000 - 2 Variables
This article presents a reanalysis of a previous study on language rhythm and consonant-vowel syllables by Ember and Ember (2000). Communicative efficiency, climate, baby-holding, literacy, and mean number of syllables per word were all considered as factors in consonant-vowel syllable use.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - In societies with mother-child households the father's relationship to the child is more remote than in societies with other household types. However, mother-child households are concentrated in Negro-Africa and in Negro tribes in the Cirum-Mediterranean (276-278)Murdock, George Peter - Settlement patterns and community organization: cross-cultural codes 3, 1972 - 3 Variables
This article investigates residence, descent rules, and family structure. Empirical analysis suggests that they are associated with settlement patterns, particularly economic and demographic variables.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Tylor advanced the plausible hypothesis that mother-in-law avoidance should be highly correlated with matrilocal residence" (366)Murdock, George Peter - Cross-sex patterns of kin behavior, 1971 - 2 Variables
This study re-examines patterns of cross-sex kin relationships using new ethnographic data. The author looks specifically at cross-sex kin relationship in relation to marriage rules.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Accusations of witchcraft between related individuals will be more likely to target men. (3)Peacey, Sarah - Same-sex competition and sexual conflict expressed through witchcraft accusa..., 2022 - 2 Variables
In this study, the authors analyze relationships between witchcraft accusations and the gender of the accused. They find that men are most often accused of witchcraft in their sample of 54 Bantu or Bantoid societies, and are particularly more likely to be accused of witchcraft by unrelated or blood-related individuals or in disputes over wealth or prestige. On the other hand, women are more likely to be accused of witchcraft in affinal relationships, particularly husbands and co-wives, and in situations related to fertility or relationships. Elderly women were also more likely to be accused of witchcraft than elderly men. The authors also examined outcomes of witchcraft accusations, finding that 81% of cases resulted in a negative outcome for the accused. They suggest that competition underlies accusations of witchcraft.
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