Hypotheses
- The neo-Malthusian model hypothesizes that climate will be positively related to agricultural production which will be positively related to population density (571).Hart, John P. - Modeling Oneota agricultural production: a cross-cultural evaluation, 1990 - 3 Variables
The Boserupian and neo-Malthusian models of agricultural intensification in the American Midwest are tested using path analysis on a cross-cultural sample of 56 Native American societies. Results support the Boserupian model which suggests that population density is positively related to agricultural management which is positively related to agricultural production.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Production of cereal crops will be associated with decreased female contribution to agriculture (574).Burton, Michael L. - Sexual division of labor in agriculture, 1984 - 2 Variables
Authors Michael Burton and Douglas White present and test an ecological model for the process of agricultural intensification that aims to explain variance in (and the reduction in) female contribution to agriculture. The model synthesizes and expands upon findings put forth by previous studies in order to create a more comprehensive design. Results suggest that the strongest predictors of female contribution to agriculture are the number of dry months, the importance of domesticated animals to subsistence, and the use of the plow in farming. Crop type, although a weaker predictor, is also supported.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Intensive agriculture will be positively associated with cereal crops (288)Ember, Carol R. - The relative decline in women’s contributions to agriculture with intensific..., 1983 - 2 Variables
This article presents theory and hypothesis tests that suggest that the decline of women's contribution to intensive agriculture is related to increases in fertility and domestic work associated with cereal crops. Additionally, men in agricultural societies are less likely to invest time in hunting and warfare, so their contribution of agricultural labor relative to women's increases.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Findings: A factor analysis of key dimensions to describe a given culture yielded 12 factors. Factor 3, "tropical rain forest culture", loaded highly and positively on Malayo-Polynesian linguistic affiliation; tropical rain forest; horticulture subsistence; gift exchange to obtain wives; pig husbandry; secure food supply; and games of skill. Factor 3 loaded highly and negatively on cereal crops (57)Stewart, Robert A. C. - Cultural dimensions: a factor analysis of textor's a cross-cultural summary, 1972 - 9 Variables
This article uses factor analysis to identify the key variables underlying the many cross-cultural associations reported by Textor (1967). Twelve factors are identified.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "The two aspects of what may not be labeled 'absent-father family organization' have no empirical relation to initiation ceremonies when male solidarity is controlled" (386)Young, Frank W. - The function of male initiation ceremonies: a cross-cultural test of an alte..., 1962 - 4 Variables
This study investigates theories of male initiation ceremonies. The author examines a hypothesis related to child-rearing variables (sleeping arrangements and post-partum taboo) and rejects it based on empirical analysis. An alternative hypothesis related to male solidarity is offered.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Societies relying mainly on cereal crops for subsistence may be positively associated with jurisdictional hierarchy beyond the local level.Mayshar, Joram - The origin of the state: land productivity or appropriability?, 2022 - 2 Variables
The authors evaluated an alternative theory to the traditional productivity theory. They posit that food surplus did not precede the emergence of hierarchy, rather, the productivity advantage of cereal cultivation over tubers and roots as the catalyst for state societies. Their theory found support with a sample of societies from the present-day, Classical Antiquity, Neolithic period and pre/post Columbian Exchange. The results suggest social complexity emerged with cereal cultivation, rather than agriculture alone.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Cassava will be most important in well-watered areas (p.106).Romanoff, Steven - Cassava production and processing in a cross-cultural sample of african soci..., 1992 - 2 Variables
This exploratory study seeks to explain cassava production and processing in Africa by considering cultural, agronomic, and environmental data. After examining the descriptive results of the agricultural and social contexts of cassava use, the authors build upon Boserup's population density model (1965) to analyze their own hypothesized model of cassava's importance among the sampled societies.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - High population density will be positively associated with harsh treatment of infants and children by parents or caretakers (743).Levinson, David - Population density in cross-cultural perspective, 1979 - 2 Variables
This article investigates how population density affects social behavior, particularly whether it is a cause of stress in humans that manifests in pathological behavior or mistreatment of children. Analysis indicates that population density is not a cause of these behaviors, and with some variables (such as with divorce and sexual anxiety), there is a negative association with population density.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - A legacy of rice farming will be negatively correlated with the tendency of a society to develop democracy.Ang, James B. - Rice farming, culture and democracy, 2021 - 2 Variables
The authors propose that societies with a tradition of rice farming are less likely to develop a democracy than societies with a tradition of wheat farming. They base their predictions on the theory that wheat farming, as opposed to rice farming, does not require extensive community collaboration and promotes individualism, which then in turn promotes democracy. Their findings were robustly consistent with their predictions. The authors used multiple controls in their analyses, including religion, economic development, geography, and local democratic practices.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "When general polygyny and a male organization are both present, the absent-father family pattern is likely to occur" (387)Young, Frank W. - The function of male initiation ceremonies: a cross-cultural test of an alte..., 1962 - 3 Variables
This study investigates theories of male initiation ceremonies. The author examines a hypothesis related to child-rearing variables (sleeping arrangements and post-partum taboo) and rejects it based on empirical analysis. An alternative hypothesis related to male solidarity is offered.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author