Hypotheses
- Allomaternal nursing will be present in most cultures in the ethnographic record (7).Hewlett, Barry S. - Allomaternal nursing in humans, 2014 - 1 Variables
Considerable variation has been observed in allomaternal nursing (breast-feeding by individuals other than mothers) behavior across contemporary foraging populations: while relatively common in some populations, it is rare or absent among others. Here the authors examine data on allomaternal nursing from 12 previous studies of foraging societies and utilize a worldwide sample of 104 cultures to assess global variation in allomaternal nursing.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Among contemporary foragers, allomaternal nursing will be normative (6).Hewlett, Barry S. - Allomaternal nursing in humans, 2014 - 1 Variables
Considerable variation has been observed in allomaternal nursing (breast-feeding by individuals other than mothers) behavior across contemporary foraging populations: while relatively common in some populations, it is rare or absent among others. Here the authors examine data on allomaternal nursing from 12 previous studies of foraging societies and utilize a worldwide sample of 104 cultures to assess global variation in allomaternal nursing.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Cross-culturally, matrilineal kin will be more likely to provide allomaternal nursing than patrilineal kin (10).Hewlett, Barry S. - Allomaternal nursing in humans, 2014 - 2 Variables
Considerable variation has been observed in allomaternal nursing (breast-feeding by individuals other than mothers) behavior across contemporary foraging populations: while relatively common in some populations, it is rare or absent among others. Here the authors examine data on allomaternal nursing from 12 previous studies of foraging societies and utilize a worldwide sample of 104 cultures to assess global variation in allomaternal nursing.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Cross-culturally, providers of allomaternal nursing will tend to be close kin (9).Hewlett, Barry S. - Allomaternal nursing in humans, 2014 - 2 Variables
Considerable variation has been observed in allomaternal nursing (breast-feeding by individuals other than mothers) behavior across contemporary foraging populations: while relatively common in some populations, it is rare or absent among others. Here the authors examine data on allomaternal nursing from 12 previous studies of foraging societies and utilize a worldwide sample of 104 cultures to assess global variation in allomaternal nursing.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Milk kinship" will be more prevalent among stratified cultures, and allomaternal nursing is imposed on lower-class women in these cultures (8).Hewlett, Barry S. - Allomaternal nursing in humans, 2014 - 2 Variables
Considerable variation has been observed in allomaternal nursing (breast-feeding by individuals other than mothers) behavior across contemporary foraging populations: while relatively common in some populations, it is rare or absent among others. Here the authors examine data on allomaternal nursing from 12 previous studies of foraging societies and utilize a worldwide sample of 104 cultures to assess global variation in allomaternal nursing.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Premastication exists as a behavioral trait cross-culturally on all continents and in all subsistence types.Pelto, Gretel H. - Premastication: the second arm of infant and young child feeding for health ..., 2009 - 1 Variables
This study asserts that premastication (the pre-chewing of food for infant feeding) has existed as a cross cultural human universal stemming from the post natal immaturity of infant development and their need to have nutritional supplements to breast milk before they develop the molars necessary to consume an adult diet. Hypotheses are informally tested by sampling 119 cultures from the eHRAf database and looking for frequency of premastication occurrence. About one-third with information on infant feeding mention pre-mastication.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Across domains of cultural transmission, religion, subsistence skills, miscellaneous skills, and ecology are male-biased (29).Garfield, Zachary H. - A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Hunter-Gatherer Social Learning, 2016 - 2 Variables
Social scientists are equivocal as to the importance of teaching (as contrasted with other forms of learning) in traditional societies. While many cultural anthropologists have downplayed the importance of teaching, cognitive psychologists often argue that teaching is a salient human universal. Here the authors investigate cultural transmission among 23 hunter-gatherer populations to explore the relative importance of teaching among foragers.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - There is positive selection for high lactose digestion capacity among adults in populations living in high-latitude, low-sunshine environments (615).Holden, Clare - Phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of lactose digestion in adults, 1997 - 2 Variables
The ability of adults to digest lactose is common only in populations of European and circum-Mediterranean origin, a distribution thought to be a result of genetic adaptation to drinking milk from domestic livestock. Two additional hypotheses have been proposed to explain the distribution of high lactose digestion capacity: (1) supplemental calcium in high-latitude populations prone to vitamin D deficiency and (2) maintenance of water and electrolytes in the body in highly arid environments. However, these hypotheses are confounded by the shared ancestry of populations whose lactose digestion capability has been tested. Therefore, the authors test all three hypotheses using a phylogenetic comparative method for 62 cultures.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Vertical and oblique transmission are the most common forms of cultural transmission among hunter-gatherers (26).Garfield, Zachary H. - A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Hunter-Gatherer Social Learning, 2016 - 1 Variables
Social scientists are equivocal as to the importance of teaching (as contrasted with other forms of learning) in traditional societies. While many cultural anthropologists have downplayed the importance of teaching, cognitive psychologists often argue that teaching is a salient human universal. Here the authors investigate cultural transmission among 23 hunter-gatherer populations to explore the relative importance of teaching among foragers.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Teaching accounts for the majority of cultural transmission among hunter gatherers across all domains (27).Garfield, Zachary H. - A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Hunter-Gatherer Social Learning, 2016 - 2 Variables
Social scientists are equivocal as to the importance of teaching (as contrasted with other forms of learning) in traditional societies. While many cultural anthropologists have downplayed the importance of teaching, cognitive psychologists often argue that teaching is a salient human universal. Here the authors investigate cultural transmission among 23 hunter-gatherer populations to explore the relative importance of teaching among foragers.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author