Hypotheses
- There is variability in residence patterns for hunter-gatherer and horticulturalist societies.Walker, Robert S. - Human Residence Patterns, 2015 - 2 Variables
The present research examines the residence patterns of 34 hunter-gatherer societies and 34 lowland South American horticulturalist societies using census data. Contrary to the traditional view of patrilocal postmarital residence being prevalent, the present findings suggest more multilocality in residence patterns for hunter-gatherer and horticulturalist societies. The author concludes that hunter-gatherers are slightly patrilocal and horticulturalists slightly matrilocal.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - The net primary productivity of agriculturalists’ will be greater than that of foragers’ land.Porter, Claire C. - How marginal are forager habitats?, 2007 - 2 Variables
This article examines the quality of forager habitats to determine whether agriculturalists occupy the most productive areas while modern forager groups are relegated to poor habitats. Findings indicate that there are slight but insignificant differences in the net primary productivity of foragers’ land and agriculturalists’ land. Further analysis of types of agriculturalists suggest that horticulturalists live in the most productive habitats, followed by intensive agriculturalists and finally pastoralists.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - The net primary productivity of intensive agriculturalists land will be greater than that of pastoralists and horticulturalists.Porter, Claire C. - How marginal are forager habitats?, 2007 - 2 Variables
This article examines the quality of forager habitats to determine whether agriculturalists occupy the most productive areas while modern forager groups are relegated to poor habitats. Findings indicate that there are slight but insignificant differences in the net primary productivity of foragers’ land and agriculturalists’ land. Further analysis of types of agriculturalists suggest that horticulturalists live in the most productive habitats, followed by intensive agriculturalists and finally pastoralists.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Agriculturalist populations will have lower infant and child mortality rates than hunter-gatherer populations.Volk, Anthony A. - Infant and child death in the human environment of evolutionary adaptation, 2013 - 3 Variables
High infant and child mortality rates are suggested to be one of the most enduring and important features of ancestral human environments, referred to as the Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness (EEA). These rates contrast with the very low rates of infant and child mortality among many industrialized nations since the 19th and 20th centuries. The authors compare data from recent hunter-gatherer and agricultural societies, historical records, and non-human primates in attempt to quantitatively describe infant and child mortality rates during the EEA.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Area of space used per individual is smaller with greater availability of aquatic resources.Hamilton, Marcus J. - Nonlinear scaling of space use in human hunter-gatherers, 2007 - 2 Variables
Using a representative sample of 339 hunter-gatherer societies, researchers examine the relationship between hunter-gatherer use of space, size of population and supply of resources to see if they are similar to other organisms. By combining all factors into a single model, the authors claim to explain 86% of the variation in home range. Hunters have greater resource distribution than gatherers but both more so than aquatic foragers. Lastly, terrestrial foragers have more extensive home ranges than aquatic foragers.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Political complexity is inversely related to pervasiveness of the kinship organization" (692)Abrahamson, Mark - Correlates of political complexity, 1969 - 2 Variables
It is suggested that the degree of political complexity is more strongly related to degree of social differentiation than to size and concentration of population.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Male reproductive skew (proxy measure being incidence of paternal half-siblings) will be highest in horticultural societies in comparison to other subsistence modes. (2)Ellsworth, Ryan M. - Comparative study of reproductive skew and pair-bond stability using genealo..., 2015 - 2 Variables
Authors use genealogical data to investigate pair bond stability and reproductive skew across a sample of 80 small-scale societies. Results suggest that male reproductive skew and pair-bond stability are independent sources of cross-cultural variation in human mating patterns.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Pair-bond instability (proxy measure being higher incidence of maternal half siblings) will be greater where male contribution to subsistence is lower. (2)Ellsworth, Ryan M. - Comparative study of reproductive skew and pair-bond stability using genealo..., 2015 - 2 Variables
Authors use genealogical data to investigate pair bond stability and reproductive skew across a sample of 80 small-scale societies. Results suggest that male reproductive skew and pair-bond stability are independent sources of cross-cultural variation in human mating patterns.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Stratified societies will be positively associated with females marrying up.Barthes, Julien - Human social stratification and hypergyny: toward an understanding of male h..., 2013 - 5 Variables
Researchers sampled 48 societies cross-culturally to study the genetic survival of male homosexual preference, which is argued to be deleterious in nature due to its fertility costs. The researchers test for a sexually antagonistic factor that would produce a pleotropic advantage, such as male homosexual preference increasing the reproduction of sisters. Utilizing theoretical models, researchers assert that the survival of male homosexual preference is a result of the positive association between social stratification and discriminate female hypergyny due to selection for attractiveness in females.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Horticultural societies in the Amazonian tropical forest will be more patrilocal than hunter-gatherers (97-98).Walker, Robert S. - Living with kin in lowland horticultural societies, 2013 - 2 Variables
This article examines marital residence and sibling coresidence among horticulturalists in the South American lowlands. The authors reject a hypothesis that patrilocality is the defining trait of Amazonian tropical forest culture. Results on horticulturalists are compared with findings on hunter-gatherers: horticulturalists tend to be more uxorilocal. Empirical analysis also suggests that women tend to live with more kin later in life, and in large villages headmen live with more kin than nonheadmen.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author