Hypotheses
- The infant/child's age at the cessation of breastfeeding is lower in preindustrial populations with agricultural or pastoral subsistence type than in hunting and gathering socieities (p. 50).Sellen, Daniel W. - Relationships between subsistence and age at weaning in "preindustrial" soci..., 2001 - 2 Variables
This study tests the weaning food availability hypothesis, that both the introduction of foods other than breastmilk and the cessation of breastfeeding will vary by society's subsistence type. This hypothesis has implications for demography, as accelerated weaning can lead to increases in both mothers' fertility (due to decreased birth intervals) and infant mortality (due to the presence of pathogens in new foods).
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - The type of food given to children during weaning was qualitatively different across subsistence types (p. 50).Sellen, Daniel W. - Relationships between subsistence and age at weaning in "preindustrial" soci..., 2001 - 2 Variables
This study tests the weaning food availability hypothesis, that both the introduction of foods other than breastmilk and the cessation of breastfeeding will vary by society's subsistence type. This hypothesis has implications for demography, as accelerated weaning can lead to increases in both mothers' fertility (due to decreased birth intervals) and infant mortality (due to the presence of pathogens in new foods).
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Subsistence types with higher technology levels (advanced horticulture, agrarian) will have more warfare than those with lower technology levels (simple horticulture, hunting and gathering) (28).Nolan, Patrick D. - Toward an ecological-evolutionary theory of the incidence of warfare in prei..., 2003 - 2 Variables
This article reassesses the question of relative peacefulness/violence of preindustrial societies. It tests two materialist theories suggesting that more advanced subsistence techniques and population pressure will increase the likelihood of warfare.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - In societies with a more labor-intensive subsistence system, drug foods will function as labor enhancers (719).Jankowiak, William - Using drug foods to capture and enhance labor performance: a cross-cultural ..., 1996 - 2 Variables
This study examines the relationship between drug foods and colonialism in relation to labor and trade. Relationships were found between political complexity, subsistence type, and the use of drug foods as labor and trade enhancers and inducers.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Non-maternal contact in hunting, gathering, and fishing societies will most likely be with a play group.Konner, Melvin J. - Relations among infants and juveniles in comparative perspective, 1976 - 2 Variables
This article investigates peer relations in infancy, both in primates and in preindustrial human societies. Data from these populations shows a strong tendency toward a multi-age composition of play groups rather than solely peer-aged play groups for infants. Patterns in child care across societies of different subsistence types are empirically examined.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Societies where ancestral hunting and gathering is the predominant subsistence mode will be negatively associated with the frequency of homosexuality (389).Barber, Nigel - Ecological and psychosocial correlates of male homosexuality: a cross-cultur..., 1998 - 2 Variables
This study uses logistic regression to test the relationship between homosexuality and ecological and psychosocial variables. Significant associations were found between the frequency of homosexuality and type of agriculture, the occurrence of gathering, and psychosocial stressors in women's lives.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - A culturally independent association exists between dependence on agriculture and fertility(879).Sellen, Daniel W. - Fertility and mode of subsistence: a phylogenetic analysis, 1997 - 2 Variables
This study tests for a relationship between subsistence type and fertility using phylogenetic and statistical analyses. The authors find a clear relationship between dependence on agriculture and fertility among non-permanently settled groups.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Pair-bonds are more supportive of lactation than are other kin relations (88).Quinlan, Robert J. - Human lactation, pair-bonds, and alloparents: a cross-cultural analysis, 2008 - 6 Variables
This study examines the relationship between pairbonds and lactation, specifically the relationship between pairbond stability, alloparenting, and cross-cultural trends in breastfeeding. Findings show that both conjugal stability and availability of alloparental care are associated with age at weaning.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - The use of adult or child nurses to care for the infant or young child will be less likely in hunting, gathering, and fishing societies.Konner, Melvin J. - Relations among infants and juveniles in comparative perspective, 1976 - 2 Variables
This article investigates peer relations in infancy, both in primates and in preindustrial human societies. Data from these populations shows a strong tendency toward a multi-age composition of play groups rather than solely peer-aged play groups for infants. Patterns in child care across societies of different subsistence types are empirically examined.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Agricultural societies will have higher paternal certainty than hunter-gatherer societies (230).Gaulin, Steven J.C. - Sexual dimorphism in the human post-reproductive life-span: possible causes, 1980 - 2 Variables
This study tests possible explanations for sexual dimorphism in human post-reproductive life-spans. The author focuses on explanations involving male paternal investment and finds that men in agricultural societies are more likely to invest in their offspring than men in hunter-gatherer societies.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author