Hypotheses
- ". . . the sublcass of physical skill and strategy [games] demonstrates a relationship with anxiety about the nonperformance of achievement" (174)Roberts, John M. - Child training and game involvement, 1962 - 2 Variables
This study builds on a previous study of games by Roberts, Arth and Bush (1959) and offers a conflict interpretation of game involvement. Several significant relationships are observed between game type and child training variables.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Games of physical skill [physical skill only or physical skill and strategy jointly] . . . show significant relationships with reward for achievement . . ." (174)Roberts, John M. - Child training and game involvement, 1962 - 2 Variables
This study builds on a previous study of games by Roberts, Arth and Bush (1959) and offers a conflict interpretation of game involvement. Several significant relationships are observed between game type and child training variables.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Tribes possessing games of strategy were found more likely to have high ratings on child-training procedures which involved rewarding children for being obedient, punishing for being disobedient, anxiety about nonperformance of obedience, conflict over obedience, and high frequency of obedient behaviors" (171-172)Roberts, John M. - Child training and game involvement, 1962 - 6 Variables
This study builds on a previous study of games by Roberts, Arth and Bush (1959) and offers a conflict interpretation of game involvement. Several significant relationships are observed between game type and child training variables.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Games of chance occur in the presence of antecedent conflict, particularly in the areas of sex, aggression, achievement, and possibly responsibility" (143)Roberts, John M. - Cross-cultural correlates of games of chance, 1966 - 5 Variables
Authors investigate the cross-cultural correlates of games of chance. They advance a "conflict-enculturation" model to explain why individuals choose to engage in games of chance in particular (as opposed to games of strategy or physical skill). They suggest that games of chance are linked to cultures with antecedent conflict and/or feelings of powerlessness in the presence of uncertainty; both are psychological stressors whose effects may be assuaged by play with uncertainty models in the form of games of chance.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Responsibility training . . . [and] obedience training [in childhood] are positively related to the presence of oaths and/or ordeals" (188)Roberts, John M. - Oaths, autonomic ordeals, and power, 1967 - 3 Variables
This chapter examines the presence of oaths and autonomic ordeals in relation to various socioeconomic variables. Several hypotheses are presented, all are supported.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Frequency of Theft is also positively correlated with socialization anxiety during the period of childhood with respect to the following areas of training: Responsibility, Self-Reliance, Achievement and Obedience" (296).Bacon, Margaret K. - A cross-cultural study of correlates of crime, 1963 - 5 Variables
Causal factors to the development of crime are examined. Frequency of theft and personal crime are tested against these causal factors in a search for correlations.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - ". . . evil eye societies are more likely to provide positive training for young boys in industry, responsibility, sexual restraint, obedience, and physical aggression and they are less likely to provide positive training in trust" (255)Roberts, John M. - Belief in the evil eye in world perspective, 1976 - 7 Variables
This chapter examines the variables that are associated with the evil eye belief cross-culturally. Results suggest that the evil eye belief is significantly associated with various socioeconomic and demographic variables. All hypotheses are supported.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - ". . . riddling is associated with strong responsibility training . . ." (516)Roberts, John M. - Riddles: expressive models of interrogation, 1971 - 2 Variables
This paper examines riddles and posits that they are expressive models of oral interrogation. Three exploratory studies are reviewed. Empirical analysis suggests that riddles are associated with variables such as political integration, games of strategy, and responsibility training.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "There is a positive correlation between male narcissism on the one hand, and pressure for the child to achieve, anxiety over failure to achieve and frequency of achievement behavior on the other" (255)Slater, Philip E. - Maternal ambivalence and narcissism: a cross-cultural study, 1965 - 4 Variables
This article explores narcissism and child-rearing. The author presents a theory that, if a society’s structural pattern weakens the marital bond, the mother will be ambivalent toward the son who consequently will become narcissistic. This process would reinforce itself as it is repeated by each generation.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Societies high in initial nurturance [dependence drive] should tend more strongly to blame illness on the patient himself than societies which are low in initial nurturance of the child" (238)Whiting, John W.M. - Child training and personality: a cross-cultural study, 1953 - 2 Variables
The authors put forward a theoretical model called "personality integration of culture." At the heart of the model is the idea that psychological processes may help explain why certain aspects of culture are related to other aspects. To test this model they focus on theories and therapies regarding illness and they use psychoanalytic ideas on positive and negative fixation to suggest how differences in child-rearing customs may account for different ideas about the causes of illness. The strongest results relate to socialization anxiety in a particular area of socialization (e.g., oral, dependency, and aggression) amd respective causes of illness. Results regarding negative fixation are generally supported, whereas positive fixation is not.
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