Subsistence Economy

Associated Documents (12)

Main AuthorPublished YearTitle
Child, Irvin L. A cross-cultural study of drinking: iii. sex differences
Murdock, George PeterCorrelations of exploitative and settlement patterns
D'Andrade, Roy G.Anthropological studies of dreams
Sanderson, Stephen K.The evolutionary forms of the religious life: a cross-cultural, quantitative analysis
Rohner, Ronald P.They love me, they love me not: a worldwide study of the effects of parental acceptance and reje...
Murdock, George PeterCultural correlates of the regulation of premarital sex behavior
Murdock, George PeterSettlement patterns and community organization: cross-cultural codes 3
Balkwell, CarolynSubsistence economy, family structure and the status of the elderly
Schlegel, AliceAdolescence: an anthropological inquiry
Frederic L. PryorEconomic Systems of Foraging, Agricultural, and Industrial Societies
Terry, Roger L.Dependence nurturance and monotheism: a cross-cultural study
Winkelman, Michael JamesMagico-religious practitioner types and socioeconomic conditions

Associated Hypotheses (19)

Main AuthorHypothesis
Child, Irvin L. "Societies with sex differences [in drinking] tend to have a nomadic or rural settlement pattern, economy based on hunting, less accumulation of food resources, stronger child training toward achievement and more punishment of child for failure to achieve" (59)
Murdock, George Peter"[Size of community is related to subsistence economy]. Local communities tend to be very small in gathering, hunting, pastoral, and fishing societies. . . . Horticulturalists and extensive cereal cultivators occupy . . . larger settlements . . . and intensive agriculturalists [have largest communities]"
Murdock, George Peter"Societies with gathering, hunting, and pastoral economies tend to be nomadic or seminomadic [while societies with fishing, horticulture and agriculture economies tend to be semisedentary or sedentary]" (144)
D'Andrade, Roy G."Hunting and fishing societies will be likely to use dreams to seek and control supernatural powers, while societies with both agriculture and animal husbandry will be less likely to use dreams in this fashion. Societies with either agriculture or animal husbandry, but not both, should fall between these two extremes" (325).
Sanderson, Stephen K.Subsistence economy, societal size, and the presence of writing and records will all be associated with stage of religious evolution (459).
Winkelman, Michael James"All of the Shamans were in nomadic or seminomadic societies, which generally has hunting and gathering economies" (36)..."However, all of the Shaman/Healers were found in societies with agriculture, and almost all of the Healers were found in societies with political integration beyond the local level" (36)
Winkelman, Michael James"Mediums occurred in societies with agricultural or pastoral economies, and, with one exception, they occurred only in societies with political integration beyond the local level" (36)
Rohner, Ronald P."A fairly strong relationship exists between parental behavior and two forms of subsistence economy: hunters accept their children and pastoralists tend slightly to reject their children . . . " (115)
Murdock, George Peter"Complexity of techniques in subsistence economy . . . favors the development of restrictive norms of premarital sex behavior" (402)
Schlegel, AliceInculcation of self-reliance will be predicted by subsistence activity (165).
Murdock, George PeterIn correlating descent with prevailing subsistence economy the distribution of cases refutes two evolutionary 19th century assumptions: 1) Matrilineal priority--there was only 1 case in 25 of matrilineal descent among hunter-gatherers 2) unilinear descent during the millenia when men subsisted by food-gathering in absence of agriculture and animal husbandry. 84 percent of hunter-gatherers are characterized by cognatic descent (275)
Murdock, George PeterPatrilineal descent clearly reflects the domenstication of large animals as shown by its occurrence among pastoral societies, as well as by the importance of domesticated animals in the economies of 21 of the 44 agricultural mercantile societies which are patrilineal (275)
Murdock, George Peter"Matrilineal descent reaches its highest frequency at the intermediate evolutionary level of incipient agriculture and declines with the rise of food production to a dominant position" (273)
Murdock, George Peter"[There is] a marked tendency for mean population density to increase in direct proportion to the complexity of the prevailing techniques of food acquisition or production" (275-276)
Balkwell, CarolynSubsistence economy and type of family will predict status for the elderly (427)
Balkwell, CarolynSubsistence economy, transfer of wealth at marriage and type of family will predict status of the elderly (427)
Frederic L. PryorSocieties with 'intermediate' dependence on foraging will tend to possess economic systems similar to the most economically-developed foraging types (Politically- and Physical Wealth-Oriented). (55)
Terry, Roger L.Monotheism and dependence nurturance during childhood will be inversely related on a societal level. "Societies in which independence is stressed during childhood were hypothesized to evidence monotheistic beliefs, while societies in which dependence is nurtured were expected not to evidence monotheism (p.176)."
Terry, Roger L.Monotheism and distance between married sons and their parents will be directly related on a societal level. "Societies that prescribe that married sons live close to their parents were hypothesized not to evidence monotheism, whereas societies that prescribe that married sons live far from their parents were hypothesized to be monothestic (p.176)."

Associated OCMs

  1. food quest
  2. annual cycle
  3. animal husbandry
  4. pastoral activities
  5. agriculture
  6. diet
  7. production and supply