How competition is viewed across cultures: a test of four theories

Cross-Cultural Research • Vol/Iss. 41 • Published In • Pages: 364-395 •
By Hayward, R. David, Kemmelmeier, Markus

Abstract

This study draws upon theory from Marx, Weber, postmaterialism, individualism and system justification to explore cultural attitudes and beliefs surroudning competition. Authors test relationships between the attitudes towards competition and economic and religious variables.

Note

Cross-National Study.

Samples

Sample Used Coded Data Comment
OtherWorld Values Survey data

Hypotheses (7)

HypothesisSupported
Economic structure will be related to societal attitudes toward competition (378).Not Supported
Cultural heritage will be related to a society's approach to competition (379).Not Supported
Protestantism will be associated with the endorsement of competition (380).Supported
The increase in postmaterialist values will mediate the relationship between rising human development and falling levels of endorsement of competition (380).Not Supported
There will be a relationship between vertical individualism and endorsement of competition (382).Not Supported
Higher income will be associated with more favorable views towards competition (383).Supported
In wealthy countries, Protestants will endorse competition more strongly than non-Protestants (387).Supported
Documents and Hypotheses Filed By: Kate Cummings  Megan Farrer