Hypotheses
- "Thwarting disorientation situations, in which a victim blames a person for the victim's loss of social ties, tend to cause suicide" (1)Naroll, Raoul - Thwarting disorientation and suicide, 1963 - 2 Variables
This article reviews sociological and psychological explanations of suicide, focusing on a thwarting disorientation theory. This theory posits that a person who commits suicide is likely to have lost social ties and perceived someone to blame for that loss. The author examines seven cultural traits (wife-beating, marriage restrictions, divorce freedom, witchcraft accusation, drunken brawling, defiant homicide, and frequent warfare) that can cause thwarting disorientation.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Over the general course of evolution during the past several thousand years [peaceful] borrowing has been at least as important a selection factor as has been [warlike] migration. Triads consisting of 1) base society 2) nearby society from different language family (borrowers) and 3) distant society from same language family as base society (migrators) were compared for eleven culture traits (209, 204)Naroll, Raoul - Borrowing versus migration as selection factors in cultural evolution, 1976 - 13 Variables
This paper investigates two mechanisms of cultural evolution: peaceful diffusion and warlike migration. Two societies, one for each mechanism, were compared to a base society on 11 culture traits. Eight of the 11 traits diffused more readily through peaceful borrowing than through warlike migration. The authors conclude that eliminating warlike migration would slow cultural evolution but that peaceful borrowing is a favored mechanism for culture contact and change.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Men's divorce freedom and defiant homicide predicted suicides attributable to interpersonal frustration while only men's divorce freedom predicted suicides with apparent extrapersonal precipitants (227-228, 222).Krauss, Herbert H. - Social contexts of suicide, 1971 - 8 Variables
This study investigates the thwarting disorientation theory of suicide, suggesting that the rate of suicide in a society can be predicted from thwarting disorientation traits such as men’s divorce freedom and defiant homicide.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "The greater the TD [thwarting disorientation] level, the greater the number of suicides in a cultunit" (44)Krauss, Herbert H. - A cross-cultural study of suicide, 1966 - 2 Variables
In this dissertation the author tests Naroll's "thwarting disorientation" theory of suicide further by testing hypotheses using individual suicide cases described in ethnography. Author also considered the societal factors that could create stress.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Interpersonal frustration [IF] was posited to be associated with suicide and TD [thwarting disorientation] situations were conceived of as potentially leading to IF [interpersonal frustration]" (45)Krauss, Herbert H. - A cross-cultural study of suicide, 1966 - 2 Variables
In this dissertation the author tests Naroll's "thwarting disorientation" theory of suicide further by testing hypotheses using individual suicide cases described in ethnography. Author also considered the societal factors that could create stress.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "The number of suicide cases . . . should be directly related to the number of TD [thwarting disorientation] situations scored present [in a] cultunit" (44)Krauss, Herbert H. - A cross-cultural study of suicide, 1966 - 2 Variables
In this dissertation the author tests Naroll's "thwarting disorientation" theory of suicide further by testing hypotheses using individual suicide cases described in ethnography. Author also considered the societal factors that could create stress.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "If warfare is the selective mechanism of cultural evolution, then militarily successful societies should tend to be higher on the scale of cultural evolution than militarily unsuccessful societies" (99-100)Naroll, Raoul - Natural selection in cultural evolution: warfare versus peaceful diffusion, 1976 - 2 Variables
Drawing from Social Darwinism theories, this article posits warfare (specifically, military success) as a selective mechanism in the evolution of culture. The hypothesis was not supported.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "The number of suicide cases reported to be caused by extrapersonal frustration [EF] should be related to the number of TD [thwarting disorientation] situations in a cultunit, but this relationship should be weaker than the relationship between number of suicides . . . scored IF [interpersonal frustration] and number of TD [thwarting disorientation] situations scored present" (45)Krauss, Herbert H. - A cross-cultural study of suicide, 1966 - 3 Variables
In this dissertation the author tests Naroll's "thwarting disorientation" theory of suicide further by testing hypotheses using individual suicide cases described in ethnography. Author also considered the societal factors that could create stress.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Territorial gain proved unrelated to one-sided benefits [subsidy, women or honors conferred by one state on its rival] or trade. However . . . there may be a relationship between cultural exchange and territorial gain" (339-340)Naroll, Raoul - Military deterrence in history: a pilot cross-historical survey, 1974 - 4 Variables
This book takes a cross-cultural, cross-historical approach to the study of military deterrence. Political, economic, and geographic correlates are considered, particularly military and diplomatic strategy. Several hypotheses are tested and some are supported.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "We found trade to be more frequent in more peaceful decades than in less peaceful ones. So too we found the exchanges of culturally influential elites such as visiting teachers, students, missionaries, royal brides, entertainers, or hostages to be more frequent in the peaceful decades"Naroll, Raoul - Military deterrence in history: a pilot cross-historical survey, 1974 - 4 Variables
This book takes a cross-cultural, cross-historical approach to the study of military deterrence. Political, economic, and geographic correlates are considered, particularly military and diplomatic strategy. Several hypotheses are tested and some are supported.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author