Cultures Covered

In the eHRAF World Cultures database the cultures and ethnic groups included are organized by regions (e.g. North America), subregions (e.g. Southwest) and subsistence types (e.g. hunter-gatherers). Every year 20-30 cultures with approximately 40,000 pages are added to eHRAF World Cultures. About 25% is new ethnographic material and the remaining material is converted from HRAF’s previous microfiche collection for the cultures added to eHRAF.

In eHRAF World Cultures all collected, analyzed and indexed ethnographic documents for a culture can be found in the Browse Cultures section (Collection Documents tab). The ethnographic documents can also be searched using Basic and/or Advanced Search.

The following table shows all of the cultures currently covered in the eHRAF World Cultures database.

OWC	eHRAF World Cultures Name	Region	Subregion	Subsistence Type	PSF	SRS	SCCS	Documents
SI04	Abipón	South America	Southern South America	hunter-gatherers			Yes	3
RI03	Abkhazians	Asia	Caucasus	pastoralists			Yes	5
NK04	African Americans	North America	Regional and Ethnic Cultures	commercial economy				25
AB06	Ainu	Asia	East Asia	hunter-gatherers			Yes	10
FE12	Akan	Africa	Western Africa	horticulturalists	Yes		Yes	55
EG01	Albanians	Europe	Southeastern Europe	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	13
NA06	Aleut	North America	Arctic and Subarctic	hunter-gatherers			Yes	62
OF05	Alorese	Asia	Southeast Asia	horticulturalists			Yes	5
NA10	Alutiiq	North America	Arctic and Subarctic	hunter-gatherers		Yes		35
SE06	Amahuaca	South America	Amazon and Orinoco	other subsistence combinations			Yes	9
MP05	Amhara	Africa	Eastern Africa	intensive agriculturalists	Yes		Yes	16
NM06	Amish	North America	Regional and Ethnic Cultures	intensive agriculturalists				31
AZ02	Andamans	Asia	South Asia	hunter-gatherers	Yes		Yes	15
NK09	Arab Americans	North America	Regional and Ethnic Cultures	commercial economy				32
NC05	Arab Canadians	North America	Regional and Ethnic Cultures	commercial economy				6
OI08	Aranda	Oceania	Australia	hunter-gatherers	Yes		Yes	47
RJ01	Armenia	Asia	Caucasus	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	6
NF04	Assiniboine	North America	Plains and Plateau	hunter-gatherers		Yes		29
AD08	Atayal	Asia	East Asia	horticulturalists			Yes	9
SF05	Aymara	South America	Central Andes	horticulturalists	Yes		Yes	17
SK16	Ayoreo	South America	Southern South America	other subsistence combinations				1
FO07	Azande	Africa	Central Africa	horticulturalists	Yes		Yes	47
NU07	Aztecs	Middle America and the Caribbean	Central Mexico	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	28
MH07	Babylonians	Middle East	Middle East	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	14
AW50	Badaga	Asia	South Asia	intensive agriculturalists				11
FK13	Bagisu	Africa	Eastern Africa	horticulturalists		Yes		4
SO11	Bahia Brazilians	South America	Eastern South America	intensive agriculturalists	Yes			11
SP07	Bakairi	South America	Amazon and Orinoco	other subsistence combinations				8
OF07	Balinese	Asia	Southeast Asia	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	26
AT02	Baluchi	Asia	South Asia	pastoralists				1
FA08	Bambara	Africa	Western Africa	agro-pastoralists			Yes	11
FH26	Banen	Africa	Western Africa	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	4
FK11	Banyoro	Africa	Eastern Africa	horticulturalists		Yes		17
SR09	Barama River Carib	South America	Amazon and Orinoco	primarily hunter-gatherers			Yes	3
FO58	Barundi	Africa	Central Africa	horticulturalists				7
N018	Basque Americans	North America	Regional and Ethnic Cultures	pastoralists				10
EX08	Basques	Europe	Southern Europe	agro-pastoralists			Yes	18
MA10	Basseri	Middle East	Middle East	pastoralists			Yes	3
OQ12	Bau Fijians	Oceania	Polynesia	primarily hunter-gatherers			Yes	8
MJ04	Bedouin	Middle East	Middle East	pastoralists				6
OR15	Belau	Oceania	Micronesia	other subsistence combinations			Yes	27
FQ05	Bemba	Africa	Southern Africa	horticulturalists	Yes		Yes	11
FN31	Bena	Africa	Eastern Africa	horticulturalists		Yes		7
AW69	Bengali	Asia	South Asia	intensive agriculturalists		Yes		32
MX03	Berbers of Morocco	Africa	Northern Africa	agro-pastoralists			Yes	11
FY11	Betsileo	Africa	Southern Africa	intensive agriculturalists				1
AW25	Bhil	Asia	South Asia	agro-pastoralists				8
MN06	Bilen	Africa	Eastern Africa	pastoralists			Yes	3
NF06	Blackfoot	North America	Plains and Plateau	hunter-gatherers	Yes			44
SP08	Bororo	South America	Eastern South America	hunter-gatherers	Yes			12
EF09	Bosnian Muslims	Europe	Southeastern Europe	commercial economy				10
SN02	Botocudo	South America	Eastern South America	hunter-gatherers			Yes	6
ES14	British (1485-1603)	Europe	British Isles	agro-pastoralists				5
ES03	British (1714-1815)	Europe	British Isles	intensive agriculturalists				8
AP04	Burmans	Asia	Southeast Asia	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	16
AV07	Burusho	Asia	South Asia	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	9
NO12	Cajuns	North America	Regional and Ethnic Cultures	other subsistence combinations				19
AM04	Cambodians	Asia	Southeast Asia	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	26
SO08	Canela	South America	Eastern South America	primarily hunter-gatherers			Yes	4
SD18	Canelos Quichua	South America	Amazon and Orinoco	horticulturalists				4
AO07	Central Thai	Asia	Southeast Asia	intensive agriculturalists	Yes		Yes	38
SD06	Chachi	South America	Northwestern South America	other subsistence combinations			Yes	8
FN04	Chagga	Africa	Eastern Africa	intensive agriculturalists				8
NN08	Cherokee	North America	Eastern Woodlands	other subsistence combinations				52
N007	Chicanos	North America	Regional and Ethnic Cultures	commercial economy				58
NK06	Chinese Americans	North America	Regional and Ethnic Cultures	commercial economy				16
NC04	Chinese Canadians	North America	Regional and Ethnic Cultures	commercial economy				7
NR06	Chinookans of the Lower Columbia River	North America	Northwest Coast and California	hunter-gatherers		Yes		11
ND07	Chipewyans	North America	Arctic and Subarctic	hunter-gatherers				59
SK06	Chorote	South America	Southern South America	hunter-gatherers				2
RY02	Chukchee	Asia	North Asia	pastoralists	Yes		Yes	13
OR19	Chuuk	Oceania	Micronesia	other subsistence combinations	Yes		Yes	31
NO06	Comanche	North America	Plains and Plateau	hunter-gatherers			Yes	20
ND08	Copper Inuit	North America	Arctic and Subarctic	hunter-gatherers	Yes		Yes	38
NN11	Creek	North America	Eastern Woodlands	primarily hunter-gatherers			Yes	6
EF04	Croats	Europe	Southeastern Europe	commercial economy				6
NQ10	Crow	North America	Plains and Plateau	hunter-gatherers				25
NK08	Cuban Americans	North America	Regional and Ethnic Cultures	commercial economy				23
SX01	Cubans	Middle America and the Caribbean	Caribbean	not assigned				1
NM07	Delaware	North America	Eastern Woodlands	primarily hunter-gatherers				21
FA16	Dogon	Africa	Western Africa	intensive agriculturalists	Yes			35
ST04	Dominicans	Middle America and the Caribbean	Caribbean	not assigned				1
EQ02	Early Icelanders	Europe	Scandinavia	other subsistence combinations				24
NT08	Eastern Apache	North America	Southwest and Basin	hunter-gatherers			Yes	6
OG11	Eastern Toraja	Asia	Southeast Asia	horticulturalists	Yes		Yes	6
SK15	Enxet and Enlhet	South America	Southern South America	hunter-gatherers			Yes	8
NA07	Eyak	North America	Arctic and Subarctic	hunter-gatherers			Yes	3
MR13	Fellahin	Africa	Northern Africa	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	9
OF09	Flores	Asia	Southeast Asia	horticulturalists				1
FA18	Fon	Africa	Western Africa	horticulturalists			Yes	15
NP05	Fox	North America	Eastern Woodlands	other subsistence combinations				46
MS11	Fulani	Africa	Western Africa	pastoralists			Yes	15
MQ08	Fur	Africa	Eastern Africa	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	8
FK07	Ganda	Africa	Eastern Africa	intensive agriculturalists	Yes	Yes	Yes	30
SA12	Garifuna	Middle America and the Caribbean	Central America	horticulturalists				23
AR05	Garo	Asia	South Asia	horticulturalists	Yes		Yes	34
AU07	Ghorbat	Asia	Central Asia	commercial economy				1
FL10	Gikuyu	Africa	Eastern Africa	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	23
SC13	Goajiro	South America	Northwestern South America	pastoralists			Yes	14
AW32	Gond	Asia	South Asia	other subsistence combinations			Yes	7
SK04	Gran Chaco	South America	Southern South America	primarily hunter-gatherers				1
EH01	Greeks	Europe	Southeastern Europe	intensive agriculturalists		Yes		96
NQ13	Gros Ventre	North America	Plains and Plateau	hunter-gatherers			Yes	8
SM04	Guaraní	South America	Eastern South America	other subsistence combinations	Yes		Yes	10
FL08	Gusii	Africa	Eastern Africa	horticulturalists		Yes		33
FN11	Hadza	Africa	Eastern Africa	hunter-gatherers			Yes	19
NE09	Haida	North America	Northwest Coast and California	hunter-gatherers			Yes	12
NK07	Haitian Americans	North America	Regional and Ethnic Cultures	commercial economy				12
SV03	Haitians	Middle America and the Caribbean	Caribbean	commercial economy			Yes	12
AE15	Han Chinese	Asia	East Asia	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	10
MS12	Hausa	Africa	Western Africa	other subsistence combinations	Yes		Yes	22
NT14	Havasupai	North America	Southwest and Basin	other subsistence combinations			Yes	12
OV05	Hawaiians	Oceania	Polynesia	other subsistence combinations				28
AU05	Hazara	Asia	Central Asia	intensive agriculturalists				1
NQ14	Hidatsa	North America	Plains and Plateau	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	10
ES10	Highland Scots	Europe	British Isles	other subsistence combinations	Yes			26
NT09	Hopi	North America	Southwest and Basin	intensive agriculturalists	Yes			65
NU19	Huichol	Middle America and the Caribbean	Northern Mexico	other subsistence combinations			Yes	25
NG05	Huron/Wendat	North America	Eastern Woodlands	other subsistence combinations			Yes	18
OC06	Iban	Asia	Southeast Asia	horticulturalists	Yes		Yes	38
EQ01	Icelanders	Europe	Scandinavia	other subsistence combinations		Yes		23
OA19	Ifugao	Asia	Southeast Asia	intensive agriculturalists	Yes		Yes	31
FF26	Igbo	Africa	Western Africa	horticulturalists		Yes	Yes	38
FQ06	Ila	Africa	Southern Africa	horticulturalists				13
EI09	Imperial Romans	Europe	Southern Europe	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	16
NA08	Ingalik	North America	Arctic and Subarctic	hunter-gatherers			Yes	9
SE13	Inka	South America	Central Andes	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	24
AH06	Inner Mongolia	Asia	Central Asia	agro-pastoralists				16
NH06	Innu	North America	Arctic and Subarctic	hunter-gatherers			Yes	26
MA01	Iran	Middle East	Middle East	intensive agriculturalists				66
NM09	Iroquois	North America	Eastern Woodlands	horticulturalists	Yes			54
ST13	Island Carib	Middle America and the Caribbean	Caribbean	primarily hunter-gatherers			Yes	17
MF01	Israelis	Middle East	Middle East	commercial economy				21
MF07	Israelites	Middle East	Middle East	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	17
N010	Italian Americans	North America	Regional and Ethnic Cultures	commercial economy				66
NC06	Italian Canadians	North America	Regional and Ethnic Cultures	commercial economy				23
SY01	Jamaicans	Middle America and the Caribbean	Caribbean	not assigned				1
OE05	Javanese	Asia	Southeast Asia	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	40
SD09	Jivaro	South America	Amazon and Orinoco	horticulturalists			Yes	31
AP06	Kachin	Asia	Southeast Asia	horticulturalists				9
MP14	Kaffa	Africa	Eastern Africa	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	6
OP04	Kanak	Oceania	Melanesia	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	10
MS14	Kanuri	Africa	Western Africa	intensive agriculturalists	Yes			12
OJ29	Kapauku	Oceania	Melanesia	intensive agriculturalists	Yes		Yes	10
SP09	Karajá	South America	Eastern South America	primarily hunter-gatherers				10
RN02	Karakalpak	Asia	Central Asia	intensive agriculturalists				1
AP07	Karen	Asia	Southeast Asia	other subsistence combinations				10
AV04	Kashmiri	Asia	South Asia	not assigned				1
ND12	Kaska	North America	Arctic and Subarctic	hunter-gatherers			Yes	6
FF38	Katab	Africa	Western Africa	other subsistence combinations				9
RQ02	Kazakh	Asia	Central Asia	pastoralists			Yes	16
AW11	Kerala	Asia	South Asia	intensive agriculturalists				35
AR07	Khasi	Asia	South Asia	agro-pastoralists	Yes			23
FX13	Khoi	Africa	Southern Africa	other subsistence combinations			Yes	12
OJ82	Kimam	Oceania	Melanesia	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	3
OR06	Kiribati	Oceania	Micronesia	primarily hunter-gatherers			Yes	29
NR10	Klamath	North America	Plains and Plateau	hunter-gatherers	Yes		Yes	12
SC07	Kogi	South America	Northwestern South America	horticulturalists	Yes			12
AW37	Kol	Asia	South Asia	intensive agriculturalists				4
MP17	Konso	Africa	Eastern Africa	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	10
AA01	Korea	Asia	East Asia	intensive agriculturalists	Yes		Yes	65
N019	Korean Americans	North America	Regional and Ethnic Cultures	commercial economy				18
RY04	Koryaks	Asia	North Asia	primarily hunter-gatherers				7
FD06	Kpelle	Africa	Western Africa	horticulturalists				20
SB05	Kuna	Middle America and the Caribbean	Central America	horticulturalists	Yes		Yes	28
MA11	Kurds	Middle East	Middle East	pastoralists	Yes		Yes	13
NF08	Kutenai	North America	Plains and Plateau	hunter-gatherers			Yes	13
OJ13	Kwoma	Oceania	Melanesia	other subsistence combinations			Yes	6
RP02	Kyrgyz	Asia	Central Asia	pastoralists				1
FR07	Lakeshore Tonga	Africa	Southern Africa	other subsistence combinations		Yes		7
OQ06	Lau Fijians	Oceania	Polynesia	other subsistence combinations	Yes			13
AK05	Lepcha	Asia	Central Asia	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	14
OM24	Lesu	Oceania	Melanesia	other subsistence combinations			Yes	8
MT09	Libyan Bedouin	Africa	Northern Africa	pastoralists	Yes			15
FQ09	Lozi	Africa	Southern Africa	other subsistence combinations	Yes		Yes	12
FN32	Luguru	Africa	Eastern Africa	horticulturalists			Yes	15
FL11	Luo	Africa	Eastern Africa	intensive agriculturalists				24
MA12	Lur	Middle East	Middle East	agro-pastoralists				8
FL12	Maasai	Africa	Eastern Africa	pastoralists	Yes		Yes	21
AN05	Malays	Asia	Southeast Asia	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	22
OO12	Malekula	Oceania	Melanesia	horticulturalists		Yes		10
NW08	Mam Maya	Middle America and the Caribbean	Maya Area	horticulturalists				8
AG04	Manchu	Asia	East Asia	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	32
OM06	Manus	Oceania	Melanesia	hunter-gatherers			Yes	15
MP19	Mao	Africa	Eastern Africa	horticulturalists			Yes	5
OZ04	Maori	Oceania	Polynesia	primarily hunter-gatherers			Yes	11
SG04	Mapuche	South America	Central Andes	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	10
AR20	Mara	Asia	South Asia	horticulturalists			Yes	2
NT43	Maricopa	North America	Southwest and Basin	primarily hunter-gatherers				7
OX06	Marquesas	Oceania	Polynesia	other subsistence combinations			Yes	8
OR11	Marshallese	Oceania	Micronesia	other subsistence combinations			Yes	16
FI21	Masa	Africa	Central Africa	agro-pastoralists			Yes	8
SI07	Mataco	South America	Southern South America	primarily hunter-gatherers	Yes			9
NV10	Maya (Yucatán Peninsula)	Middle America and the Caribbean	Maya Area	horticulturalists		Yes		17
FO04	Mbuti	Africa	Central Africa	hunter-gatherers	Yes		Yes	7
FC07	Mende	Africa	Western Africa	horticulturalists			Yes	8
OD09	Mentawaians	Asia	Southeast Asia	horticulturalists		Yes		15
NT25	Mescalero Apache	North America	Southwest and Basin	hunter-gatherers				28
AE05	Miao	Asia	East Asia	intensive agriculturalists				11
NJ05	Mi'kmaq	North America	Eastern Woodlands	hunter-gatherers			Yes	11
SA15	Miskito	Middle America and the Caribbean	Central America	primarily hunter-gatherers			Yes	10
FO32	Mongo	Africa	Central Africa	horticulturalists			Yes	6
AH01	Mongolia	Asia	Central Asia	pastoralists			Yes	22
AE09	Monguor	Asia	East Asia	intensive agriculturalists				6
EF05	Montenegrins	Europe	Southeastern Europe	agro-pastoralists				5
NT24	Mormons	North America	Southwest and Basin	commercial economy				63
FA28	Mossi	Africa	Western Africa	intensive agriculturalists				11
SQ13	Mundurucu	South America	Amazon and Orinoco	primarily hunter-gatherers			Yes	17
NU46	Nahua	Middle America and the Caribbean	Central Mexico	other subsistence combinations				5
SP17	Nambicuara	South America	Amazon and Orinoco	primarily hunter-gatherers			Yes	13
NO08	Natchez	North America	Eastern Woodlands	other subsistence combinations			Yes	9
NT13	Navajo	North America	Southwest and Basin	agro-pastoralists				251
SR14	Ndyuka	South America	Amazon and Orinoco	horticulturalists				17
RU41	Nenets	Asia	North Asia	primarily hunter-gatherers			Yes	14
AZ07	Nicobarese	Asia	South Asia	other subsistence combinations			Yes	8
RX02	Nivkh	Asia	North Asia	primarily hunter-gatherers			Yes	8
N016	North American Armenians	North America	Regional and Ethnic Cultures	commercial economy				10
N011	North American Hasidic Jews	North America	Regional and Ethnic Cultures	commercial economy				35
N009	North American Hmong	North America	Regional and Ethnic Cultures	commercial economy				34
OL07	Northeastern Massim	Oceania	Melanesia	other subsistence combinations				10
NR13	Northern Paiute	North America	Southwest and Basin	hunter-gatherers			Yes	13
FJ21	Nuba	Africa	Eastern Africa	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	4
MR08	Nubians	Africa	Northern Africa	horticulturalists			Yes	18
FJ22	Nuer	Africa	Eastern Africa	agro-pastoralists		Yes		24
FF52	Nupe	Africa	Western Africa	horticulturalists				13
NE11	Nuu-chah-nulth	North America	Northwest Coast and California	hunter-gatherers				17
NE06	Nuxalk	North America	Northwest Coast and California	hunter-gatherers			Yes	11
FN17	Nyakyusa and Ngonde	Africa	Eastern Africa	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	10
NG06	Ojibwa	North America	Arctic and Subarctic	hunter-gatherers	Yes		Yes	74
AB43	Okayama	Asia	East Asia	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	17
FL20	Okiek	Africa	Eastern Africa	hunter-gatherers				17
AC07	Okinawans	Asia	East Asia	intensive agriculturalists		Yes		23
NQ21	Omaha	North America	Plains and Plateau	primarily hunter-gatherers			Yes	8
SH04	Ona	South America	Southern South America	hunter-gatherers	Yes			6
NU79	O'odham	North America	Southwest and Basin	other subsistence combinations			Yes	17
OJ23	Orokaiva	Oceania	Melanesia	other subsistence combinations			Yes	32
NQ22	Osage	North America	Plains and Plateau	primarily hunter-gatherers				12
SD16	Otavalo Quichua	South America	Central Andes	horticulturalists				4
FP13	Ovimbundu	Africa	Southern Africa	horticulturalists		Yes	Yes	13
M013	Palestinians	Middle East	Middle East	commercial economy				40
RO03	Pamir Peoples	Asia	Central Asia	agro-pastoralists				1
AU04	Pashtun	Asia	Central Asia	intensive agriculturalists				22
NQ18	Pawnee	North America	Plains and Plateau	other subsistence combinations	Yes		Yes	22
NS18	Pomo	North America	Northwest Coast and California	hunter-gatherers		Yes	Yes	29
NU30	Popoluca	Middle America and the Caribbean	Central Mexico	horticulturalists			Yes	4
SU01	Puerto Ricans (Island)	Middle America and the Caribbean	Caribbean	commercial economy				21
NK05	Puerto Ricans (Mainland)	North America	Regional and Ethnic Cultures	commercial economy				50
SS19	Pumé	South America	Amazon and Orinoco	other subsistence combinations				17
NW10	Quiché Maya	Middle America and the Caribbean	Maya Area	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	9
NR17	Quinault	North America	Northwest Coast and California	hunter-gatherers		Yes		7
SD15	Quito Quichua	South America	Central Andes	agro-pastoralists				5
OY02	Rapa Nui	Oceania	Polynesia	horticulturalists				22
AM35	Rhade	Asia	Southeast Asia	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	4
AM28	Rmeet	Asia	Southeast Asia	horticulturalists			Yes	9
OC13	Rungus Dusun	Asia	Southeast Asia	horticulturalists		Yes		15
ER06	Rural Irish	Europe	British Isles	agro-pastoralists			Yes	33
RF10	Russians	Europe	Eastern Europe	commercial economy			Yes	18
MD04	Rwala Bedouin	Middle East	Middle East	pastoralists			Yes	4
FO57	Rwandans	Africa	Central Africa	agro-pastoralists				16
OO17	Sa	Oceania	Melanesia	horticulturalists			Yes	5
EP04	Saami	Europe	Scandinavia	pastoralists	Yes		Yes	24
OA08	Sama-Bajau	Asia	Southeast Asia	primarily hunter-gatherers			Yes	14
OU08	Samoans	Oceania	Polynesia	horticulturalists			Yes	16
RU04	Samoyed	Asia	North Asia	primarily hunter-gatherers				16
FX10	San	Africa	Southern Africa	hunter-gatherers			Yes	81
ON13	Santa Cruz Islanders	Oceania	Melanesia	horticulturalists				13
AW42	Santal	Asia	South Asia	intensive agriculturalists	Yes		Yes	11
SD17	Saraguro Quichua	South America	Central Andes	agro-pastoralists				6
SR15	Saramaka	South America	Amazon and Orinoco	other subsistence combinations	Yes		Yes	7
NN23	Sea Islanders	North America	Regional and Ethnic Cultures	commercial economy				15
AN06	Semai	Asia	Southeast Asia	horticulturalists				23
AN07	Semang	Asia	Southeast Asia	hunter-gatherers			Yes	6
NN16	Seminole	North America	Eastern Woodlands	horticulturalists				40
N017	Serbian Americans	North America	Regional and Ethnic Cultures	commercial economy				11
EF06	Serbs	Europe	Southeastern Europe	intensive agriculturalists	Yes			39
AK06	Sherpa	Asia	Central Asia	agro-pastoralists				20
FJ23	Shilluk	Africa	Eastern Africa	agro-pastoralists			Yes	23
SE26	Shipibo	South America	Amazon and Orinoco	horticulturalists		Yes		25
MW11	Shluh	Africa	Northern Africa	intensive agriculturalists	Yes			7
FS05	Shona	Africa	Southern Africa	agro-pastoralists				45
AX04	Sinhalese	Asia	South Asia	intensive agriculturalists	Yes			11
SF21	Sirionó	South America	Amazon and Orinoco	hunter-gatherers			Yes	8
ON19	Siwai	Oceania	Melanesia	agro-pastoralists			Yes	8
ND14	Slavey	North America	Arctic and Subarctic	hunter-gatherers			Yes	9
EF07	Slovenes	Europe	Southeastern Europe	intensive agriculturalists				4
MO04	Somali	Africa	Eastern Africa	pastoralists	Yes		Yes	33
MS20	Songhai	Africa	Western Africa	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	12
NR26	Southern Coast Salish	North America	Northwest Coast and California	hunter-gatherers			Yes	14
OG13	Southern Toraja	Asia	Southeast Asia	intensive agriculturalists				7
NF12	Stoney	North America	Plains and Plateau	hunter-gatherers				9
FO46	Suku	Africa	Central Africa	horticulturalists			Yes	10
AD05	Taiwan Hokkien	Asia	East Asia	intensive agriculturalists	Yes			72
RO02	Tajiks	Asia	Central Asia	not assigned				1
SA19	Talamancans	Middle America and the Caribbean	Central America	other subsistence combinations			Yes	8
FE11	Tallensi	Africa	Western Africa	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	12
AW16	Tamil	Asia	South Asia	intensive agriculturalists		Yes		48
FY08	Tanala	Africa	Southern Africa	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	2
SP22	Tapirapé	South America	Eastern South America	other subsistence combinations				10
NU33	Tarahumara	Middle America and the Caribbean	Northern Mexico	agro-pastoralists	Yes			12
MS22	Teda	Africa	Central Africa	agro-pastoralists			Yes	6
SH05	Tehuelche	South America	Southern South America	hunter-gatherers			Yes	10
AW17	Telugu	Asia	South Asia	intensive agriculturalists				4
SM05	Terena	South America	Southern South America	primarily hunter-gatherers				5
NT18	Tewa Pueblos	North America	Southwest and Basin	intensive agriculturalists				17
AJ01	Tibetans	Asia	Central Asia	intensive agriculturalists				24
SQ20	Ticuna	South America	Amazon and Orinoco	primarily hunter-gatherers				4
OT11	Tikopia	Oceania	Polynesia	other subsistence combinations	Yes		Yes	30
ON26	Tinputz	Oceania	Melanesia	other subsistence combinations				4
FF57	Tiv	Africa	Western Africa	horticulturalists	Yes		Yes	27
OI20	Tiwi	Oceania	Australia	hunter-gatherers			Yes	12
NA12	Tlingit	North America	Northwest Coast and California	hunter-gatherers	Yes			29
OH18	Tobelo	Asia	Southeast Asia	horticulturalists			Yes	13
AW60	Toda	Asia	South Asia	pastoralists			Yes	9
FQ12	Tonga	Africa	Southern Africa	horticulturalists				14
OU09	Tongans	Oceania	Polynesia	horticulturalists				112
OL06	Trobriands	Oceania	Melanesia	other subsistence combinations	Yes		Yes	57
SP23	Trumai	South America	Amazon and Orinoco	primarily hunter-gatherers			Yes	2
FT06	Tsonga	Africa	Southern Africa	agro-pastoralists			Yes	10
MS25	Tuareg	Africa	Northern Africa	agro-pastoralists			Yes	10
NS22	Tubatulabal	North America	Northwest Coast and California	hunter-gatherers				5
SQ19	Tukano	South America	Amazon and Orinoco	other subsistence combinations	Yes	Yes	Yes	18
SO09	Tupinamba	South America	Eastern South America	primarily hunter-gatherers			Yes	28
FL17	Turkana	Africa	Eastern Africa	pastoralists				35
RM02	Turkmens	Asia	Central Asia	agro-pastoralists				1
MB01	Turks	Middle East	Middle East	commercial economy			Yes	29
NV09	Tzeltal	Middle America and the Caribbean	Maya Area	horticulturalists	Yes			12
OR20	Ulithi	Oceania	Micronesia	other subsistence combinations				3
SF24	Uru-Chipaya	South America	Central Andes	other subsistence combinations				9
NT19	Ute	North America	Southwest and Basin	hunter-gatherers				25
AW19	Uttar Pradesh	Asia	South Asia	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	12
RN05	Uzbeks	Asia	Central Asia	not assigned				1
AX05	Vedda	Asia	South Asia	hunter-gatherers			Yes	4
AM11	Vietnamese	Asia	Southeast Asia	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	84
SS18	Warao	South America	Amazon and Orinoco	hunter-gatherers			Yes	38
AT03	West Punjabi	Asia	South Asia	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	15
NT21	Western Apache	North America	Southwest and Basin	primarily hunter-gatherers				49
NG08	Western Woods Cree	North America	Arctic and Subarctic	hunter-gatherers				8
NP12	Winnebago/Ho-Chunk	North America	Eastern Woodlands	primarily hunter-gatherers				8
OJ27	Wogeo	Oceania	Melanesia	other subsistence combinations				19
OR21	Woleai Region	Oceania	Micronesia	other subsistence combinations				29
MS30	Wolof	Africa	Western Africa	horticulturalists	Yes		Yes	45
SP26	Xavante	South America	Eastern South America	primarily hunter-gatherers			Yes	7
AI01	Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region	Asia	Central Asia	not assigned				7
SM03	Xokleng	South America	Eastern South America	hunter-gatherers			Yes	7
SH06	Yahgan	South America	Southern South America	hunter-gatherers			Yes	4
RV02	Yakut	Asia	North Asia	other subsistence combinations	Yes			18
SQ18	Yanoama	South America	Amazon and Orinoco	horticulturalists	Yes		Yes	12
OR22	Yapese	Oceania	Micronesia	other subsistence combinations			Yes	28
ML01	Yemenis	Middle East	Middle East	not assigned				1
AE04	Yi	Asia	East Asia	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	10
NS29	Yokuts	North America	Northwest Coast and California	hunter-gatherers		Yes	Yes	24
FF62	Yoruba	Africa	Western Africa	horticulturalists				32
RV03	Yukaghir	Asia	North Asia	primarily hunter-gatherers			Yes	8
NS30	Yuki	North America	Northwest Coast and California	hunter-gatherers		Yes		19
NS31	Yurok	North America	Northwest Coast and California	hunter-gatherers			Yes	13
NU44	Zapotec	Middle America and the Caribbean	Central Mexico	horticulturalists				24
NT38	Zia Pueblo	North America	Southwest and Basin	intensive agriculturalists		Yes		9
FX20	Zulu	Africa	Southern Africa	agro-pastoralists				47
NT23	Zuni	North America	Southwest and Basin	intensive agriculturalists			Yes	33

Latest Update: July 5, 2021

Human Relations Area Files

Cultural information for education and research

Cultures Covered