January 2023
Education
B.A. (Sociology-Anthropology), Antioch College, 1965.
Graduate study (Sociology), Cornell University, 1965-1966.
Ph.D. (Social Anthropology), Harvard University, March 1971.
Appointments
Research Assistant for John W. M. Whiting, Department of Social Relations, Harvard University, 1966-1967.
Field research among the Luo of Kenya supported by a Carnegie Corporation grant to the Child Development Research Unit, University College, Nairobi and Harvard University (Project Directors: J. W. M. Whiting and B. B. Whiting), 1967-1968.
Research Assistant for John W. M. Whiting, Department of Social Relations, Harvard University, 1968-1969.
Lecturer, Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, September 1970-January 1971.
Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, February 1971-December 1974.
Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, January 1975-December 1980.
Professor, Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, January 1981-August 1996 (on leave 1994-95, 1995-96).
Consultant, Research and Development, Human Relations Area Files, Inc., 1995-96.
Executive Director, Human Relations Area Files, Inc., 1996-2009.
Acting President, October 2009-April 2010.
President, Human Relations Area Files, Inc., May 2010-.
Fellowships and Grants
Woodrow Wilson Fellowship, Cornell University, 1965-1966.
NIMH Predoctoral Fellowship, Harvard University, 1969-1970.
NSF grant for “Ecological and Other Predictors of Warfare and Aggression: Synchronic and Diachronic Cross-Cultural Tests.” February 1983-August 1984 (Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember).
NSF grant for “Cross-Cultural Tests of Ecological, Psychological, and Social Explanations of Warfare and Interpersonal Aggression.” June 1, 1986-May 31, 1988 (Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember).
Grant from PSC-CUNY Research Award Program for “Ecological and Other Predictors of Warfare and Aggression: Synchronic and Diachronic Cross-Cultural Tests.” July 1, 1986-June 30, 1987 (Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember).
Grant from PSC-CUNY Research Award Program for “Ecological and Other Predictors of Warfare and Aggression: Synchronic and Diachronic Cross-Cultural Tests.” July 1, 1987-June 30, 1988 (Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember).
NSF grant for “A Conference to Assess the Past and Help Plan the Future of Cross-Cultural and Comparative Research.” January 1, 1988-December 30, 1988 (Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember, Joseph G. Jorgensen, Robert L. Munroe, and Douglas White). Conference held at Human Relations Area Files, March 16-18, 1988.
NSF grant for “Summer Institutes in Comparative Anthropological Research.” July 1, 1989-June 30, 1994 (Carol R. Ember, Michael L. Burton and Robert L. Munroe).
NSF grant for “A Cross-Cultural Study of Political Participation and Peace.” February 1, 1990-April 31, 1992 (Bruce Russett, Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember).
United States Institute of Peace grant for “Cross-Cultural Study of Political Participation and Peace.” May 1, 1990-October 31, 1991 (Melvin Ember, Carol R. Ember, and Bruce Russett).
NSF grant for “Summer Institutes in Comparative Anthropological Research.” May 1995-April 30, 1999 (Carol R. Ember, Michael L. Burton and Robert L. Munroe).
MURI subaward grant “Multidisciplinary Agent-Based Modeling a Conflict Region Using Socio-Cultural and Evolutionary Dynamics.” August 1, 2008-August 31, 2011 (Claudio Cioffi-Revilla [PI], Kenneth De Jong, Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember, Sean Luke and Maksim Tsvetovot; as of October 2009, Carol R. Ember is PI for the HRAF subaward).
MURI subaward grant “Multidisciplinary Agent-Based Modeling a Conflict Region Using Socio-Cultural and Evolutionary Dynamics. September 1, 2011-August 31, 2013 (Claudio Cioffi-Revilla [PI], Co-PIs Kenneth De Jong, Sean Luke and Carol R. Ember; Carol R. Ember is PI for the HRAF subaward).
NSF grant for “Toward an Integrated Plan for Digital Preservation and Access to Primary Anthropological Data (AnthroDataDPA): A Four-Field Workshop” April 1, 2009 – March 31, 2012 (Carol R. Ember, Dean Snow, Eric Delson, and Jeffrey C. Good.).
NSF interdisciplinary grant for “IBSS: Natural Hazards and Cultural Transformations.” August 1, 2014-July 31, 2019 (Carol R. Ember [PI], Co-PIs, Benjamin Felzer, Michele J. Gelfand, Eric C. Jones, and Peter N. Peregrine). The Senior Personnel are Teferi Abate Adem and Ian Skoggard.
Collaborator Investigator for “The Database of Religious History” May 1, 2018-June 30, 2020 as part of the Templeton Religion Trust grant to the University of British Columbia (Edward Slingerland, PI).
NSF grant for “Summer Institutes for Cross-Cultural Anthropological Research” September 1, 2020-August 31,2023 (Carol R. Ember PI; Fiona Jordan, co-PI). (BCS #2020156)
NSF grant “HDNS-I: Infrastructure for Knowledge Linkages from Ethnography of World Societies.” September 1, 2020-August 31, 2022 (Michael Fischer, PI and Carol R. Ember, co-PI). BCS 2024286.
Minerva subaward grant for “Response to Shocks and Hazards Associated with Climate.” July 15, 2022-July 14, 2025. Eric Jones (PI); co-PIs: Carol Ember, Sergey Gavrilets and Michele Gelfand.
Honors
Elected to Executive Committee as Representative of Anthropological Sciences, Society for Cross-Cultural Research, 1976-1978.
Appointed to Advisory Committee for Behavioral and Neural Sciences (Social/Cultural Anthropology), National Science Foundation, September 1981-August 1983.
Nominated for President, Society for Psychological Anthropology, 1983.
Invited to contribute to special 40th anniversary issue of the Journal of Anthropological Research.
Advisory Editor, Cross-Cultural Research (formerly Behavior Science Research), 1983-2009.
President-elect, President, Past President, Society for Cross-Cultural Research, 1984-1987.
Program Chair, Society for Psychological Anthropology, 1985.
Editor, Social/Cultural Anthropology, American Anthropologist, March 1985 – August 1987.
Selected as one of the authors reprinted in special issue of the Journal of Anthropological Research on “Approaches to Culture and Society,” 1986.
Member, Review Panel for Weatherhead Resident Scholars, School of American Research, Santa Fe, 1986.
Member, Review Panel for Visiting Professorships for Women, National Science Foundation, 1986.
Member, Review Panel, Prize for Behavioral Science Research, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1988.
Member of Board of Directors, Human Relations Area Files, 1988-1996.
Nominated for President, Society for Psychological Anthropology, 1989.
Chair, Review Panel, Prize for Behavioral Science Research, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1989, 1990.
Member of Editorial Board, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 1989-2015.
Member of Editorial Board, Ethos, 1989-2014.
Nominated for President, General Anthropology Division, American Anthropological Association, 1990.
Member of Advisory Board, Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology (4 vols.), David Levinson and Melvin Ember, eds. New York: Henry Holt, 1996.
Member of Advisory Board, Handbook Of Method in Cultural Anthropology, H. Russell Bernard, ed. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
Who’s Who in the East, Who’s Who in America, Who’s Who in the World.
Nominated for President, General Anthropology Division, American Anthropological Association, 2000.
Nominated for President, General Anthropology Division, American Anthropological Association, 2000.
Cross-Cultural Research Methods (Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira, 2001), by Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember, was selected by Choice Magazine as an “Outstanding Academic Title for 2002.”
Editorial Board, American Anthropologist, 2006-2008.
Board Member, Evolutionary Anthropology Society, 2009-2013.
Editor, Cross-Cultural Research: The Journal of Comparative Social Science, 2009-
President-elect, President, and Past-President, Society for Anthropological Sciences, 2009-2015.
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2008-present.
Invited participant to the NSF-funded National Evolutionary Synthesis Center working group “Explaining Cultural Diversity: A New Evolutionary Synthesis” (Group Leaders: Michael Gavin, Russell Gray, Simon Greenhill, and Fiona Jordan), Fall 2013-December 2014.
Elected to Section Assembly Executive Committee, American Anthropological Association, December 2013-November 2016.
Nominated for President, Cultural Evolution Society, 2019.
Elected to Executive Committee, Cultural Evolution Society, 2019.
Society for Anthropological Sciences named its book prize, the “Carol R. Ember Book Prize”, 2020.
Society for Cross-Cultural Research Lifetime Achievement Award, 2022.
Books:
1973 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Anthropology and Cultural Anthropology. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
1977 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Anthropology and Cultural Anthropology. Second editions. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice- Hall.
1981 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Anthropology and Cultural Anthropology. Third editions. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice- Hall.
1983 Melvin Ember and Carol R. Ember. Marriage, Family, and Kinship: Comparative Studies of Social Organization. New Haven: HRAF Press.
1985 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Anthropology and Cultural Anthropology. Fourth editions. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice- Hall.
1988 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Anthropology and Cultural Anthropology. Fifth editions. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice- Hall.
1990 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Anthropology and Cultural Anthropology. Sixth editions. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice- Hall.
1991 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Anthropology: A Brief Introduction. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
1993 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Anthropology and Cultural Anthropology. Seventh editions. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
1995 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember, eds. Anthropology: A Brief Introduction. 2nd edition. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
1996 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Anthropology and Cultural Anthropology. Eighth editions. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
1997 Burton Pasternak, Carol R. Ember, and Melvin Ember. Sex, Gender, and Kinship: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
1998 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Anthropology: A Brief Introduction. 3rd edition. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
1998 Melvin Ember, Carol R. Ember, David Levinson, eds. Portraits of Culture: Ethnographic Originals. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Prentice Hall/Simon & Schuster Custom Publishing.
1998 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember, eds. Research Frontiers in Anthropology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Prentice Hall/Simon & Schuster Custom Publishing.
1998 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember, eds. Cross-Cultural Research for Social Science. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Prentice Hall/Simon & Schuster Custom Publishing.
1998 Peter N. Peregrine, Carol R. Ember, and Melvin Ember. Cultural Anthropology: An Introduction Using ExplorIt. Bellevue, WA: MicroCase.
1999 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Anthropology and Cultural Anthropology, Ninth editions. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
1999 Melvin Ember and Carol R. Ember, eds. Cultures of the World: Selections from the Ten-Volume Encyclopedia of World Cultures. New York: Macmillan Reference.
2000 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Anthropology: A Brief Introduction. 4th edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
2001 Melvin Ember and Carol R. Ember, eds. Countries and Their Cultures. 4 vols. New York: Macmillan Reference/Gale.
2001 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Cross-Cultural Research Methods. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
2002 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Cultural Anthropology, Tenth Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
2002 Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember and Peter Peregrine, Anthropology, Tenth Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice Hall
2002 Peter N. Peregrine, Carol R. Ember, and Melvin Ember, eds. Archaeology: Original Readings in Method and Practice. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
2002 Peter N. Peregrine, Carol R. Ember, and Melvin Ember, eds. Physical Anthropology: Original Readings in Method and Practice. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
2002 Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember, and Ian Skoggard, eds. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: Supplement. New York: Macmillan Reference/Gale.
2002 Melvin Ember and Carol R. Ember, eds. Encyclopedia of Urban Cultures: Cities and Cultures Around the World. 4 vols. Danbury, CT: Grolier/Scholastic.
2003 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Anthropology: A Brief Introduction, Fifth Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
2003 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember, eds. New Directions in Anthropology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, CD-ROM.
2004 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Cultural Anthropology, 11th Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
2004 Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember, and Peter N. Peregrine. Anthropology, 11th edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Pearson Prentice Hall
2004 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember, eds. Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology: Health and Illness in the World’s Cultures. 2 vols. New York: Kluwer/Plenum, in press.
2004 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember, eds. Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World’s Cultures, 2 vols. New York: Kluwer/Plenum.
2005 Melvin Ember, Carol R. Ember, and Ian Skoggard, eds. Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World, 2 vols. New York: Kluwer/Plenum.
2007 Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember, and Peter N. Peregrine. Physical Anthropology and Archaeology. 2nd Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall
2007 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Cultural Anthropology, 12th Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall
2007 Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember, and Peter N. Peregrine. Anthropology, 12th edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
2009 Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember and Peter N. Peregrine. Human Evolution and Culture: Highlights of Anthropology, 6th edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
2009 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Human Culture: Highlights of Cultural Anthropology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
2009 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Cross-Cultural Research Methods. 2nd ed. Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press.
2011 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Cultural Anthropology, 13th Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall
2011 Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember, and Peter N. Peregrine. Anthropology, 13th edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
2012 Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember, and Peter N. Peregrine, Human Evolution and Culture: Highlights of Anthropology, 7th ed. Boston: Pearson.
2012 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Human Culture: Highlights of Anthropology, 2nd ed. Boston: Pearson.
2015 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Cultural Anthropology, 14th Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
2015 Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember, and Peter N. Peregrine. Anthropology, 14th edition. UpperSaddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
2015 Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember, and Peter N. Peregrine, Human Evolution and Culture: Highlights of Anthropology, 8th ed. Boston: Pearson.
2015 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Human Culture: Highlights of Anthropology, 3rd ed. Boston: Pearson.
2019 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Cultural Anthropology, 15th Edition. New York: Pearson.
2019 Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember, and Peter N. Peregrine. Anthropology, 15th edition. New York: Pearson.
Articles
1971 Melvin Ember and Carol R. Ember. The Conditions Favoring Matrilocal Residence Versus Patrilocal Residence. American Anthropologist 73:571-594. Reprinted in M. Ember and C. R. Ember, Marriage, Family, and Kinship, 1983.
1972 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. The Conditions Favoring Multilocal Residence. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 28:382-400. Reprinted in M. Ember and C. R. Ember, Marriage, Family, and Kinship, 1983.
1973 Carol R. Ember. Feminine Task Assignment and the Social Behavior of Boys. Ethos 1:424-439.
1974 Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember, and Burton Pasternak. On the Development of Unilineal Descent. Journal of Anthropological Research 30:69-94. Reprinted in M. Ember and C. R. Ember, Marriage, Family, and Kinship, 1983.
1974 Carol R. Ember. An Evaluation of Alternative Theories of Matrilocal Versus Patrilocal Residence. Behavior Science Research 9:135-149. Reprinted in M. Ember and C. R. Ember, Marriage, Family, and Kinship, 1983.
1975 Carol R. Ember. Residential Variation Among Hunter-Gatherers. Behavior Science Research 10:199-227. Reprinted in M. Ember and C. R. Ember, Marriage, Family, and Kinship, 1983.
1976 Burton Pasternak, Carol R. Ember, and Melvin Ember. On the Conditions Favoring Extended Family Households. Journal of Anthropological Research 32:109-123. Reprinted in special issue, “Approaches to Culture and Society,” Journal of Anthropological Research 42 (1986):299-313. Reprinted in M. Ember and C. R Ember, Marriage, Family, and Kinship, 1983.
1977 Carol R. Ember. On Some Methodological Issues in Cross-Cultural Psychology. In Issues in Cross-Cultural Research, Leonore Loeb Adler, ed., Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 285:215-216.
1977 Carol R. Ember. Cross-Cultural Cognitive Studies. Annual Review of Anthropology, Bernard J. Siegel, ed. Volume 6:33-36.
1978 Carol R. Ember. Men’s Fear of Sex With Women: A Cross-Cultural Study. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research 4:657-678.
1978 Carol R. Ember. Myths About Hunter-Gatherers. Ethnology 17:439-448. Reprinted in M. Ember and C. R. Ember, Marriage, Family, and Kinship, 1983.
1979 Melvin Ember and Carol R. Ember. Male-Female Bonding: A Cross-Species Study of Mammals and Birds. Behavior Science Research 14:37-56. Reprinted in M. Ember and C. R. Ember, Marriage, Family, and Kinship, 1983.
1979 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Psychosexual Predictors of the Gender of Objective Nouns in French: An Exploratory Study. Ethos 7:51-67.
1981 Carol R. Ember. A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Sex Differences. In Handbook of Cross-Cultural Human Development, Ruth H. Munroe, Robert L. Munroe, and Beatrice B. Whiting, eds. New York: Garland, pp. 531-580.
1983 Carol R. Ember. The Relative Decline in Women’s Contribution to Agriculture with Intensification. American Anthropologist 85:285-304.
1984 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. The Evolution of Human Female Sexuality: A Cross-Species Perspective. Special 40th anniversary issue of the Journal of Anthropological Research 40:202-210.
1984 Carol R. Ember. Kulturvergleichende Kognitionsforschung. In Soziale Struktur und Vernunft: Jean Piagets Modell entwickelten Denkens in der Diskussion kulturvergleichender Forschung, Traugott Schofthaler and Dietrich Goldschmidt, eds. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. (Translation of “Cross-Cultural Cognitive Studies.”)
1985 Carol R. Ember. Reply to Cleveland. American Anthropologist 87:407-410.
1986 Carol R. Ember. The Quality and Quantity of Data for Cross-Research. Behavior Science Research 20:1-16.
1986 Bernard, H. Russell, Pertti Pelto, Oswald Werner, James Boster, A. Kimball Romney, Allen Johnson, Carol R. Ember, and Alice Kasakoff. The Construction of Primary Data in Cultural Anthropology. Current Anthropology 27:382-96.
1988 Comment on Jane Guyer, The Multiplication of Labor: Gender and Agricultural Change in Modern Africa. Current Anthropology 29: 261.
1990 Carol R. Ember. Bibliography of Cross-Cultural Research Methods. Behavior Science Research 24: 141-154.
1991 Comment on Joseph H. Manson and Richard W. Wrangham, Intergroup Aggression in Chimpanzees and Humans. Current Anthropology 32: 379.
1991 Comment on Peter M. Gardner, Foragers’ Pursuit of Individual Autonomy. Current Anthropology 32: 561-562.
1991 Carol R. Ember and David Levinson. The Substantive Contributions of Worldwide Cross-Cultural Studies Using Secondary Data. In “Cross-Cultural and Comparative Research: Theory and Method,” special issue of Behavior Science Research 25: 79-140.
1991 Carol R. Ember, Marc H. Ross, Michael Burton, and Candice Bradley. Problems of Measurement in Cross-Cultural Research Using Secondary Data. In “Cross-Cultural and Comparative Research: Theory and Method,” special issue of Behavior Science Research 25: 187-216.
1992 Comment on Nurit Bird-David, ‘The Original Affluent Society’. Current Anthropology 33: 37-38.
1992 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Resource Unpredictability, Mistrust, and War: A Cross-Cultural Study. Journal of Conflict Resolution 36: 242-262.
1992 Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember, and Bruce Russett. Peace Between Participatory Polities: A Cross-Cultural Test of the “Democracies Rarely Fight Each Other” Hypothesis. World Politics 44: 573-599.
1992 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Warfare, Aggression, and Resource Problems: Cross-Cultural Codes. Behavior Science Research 26: 169-226.
1993 Comment on Paul B. Roscoe, Practice and Political Centralisation: A New Theoretical Approach to Political Evolution. Current Anthropology 34: 125.
1993 Carol R. Ember, Bruce Russett, and Melvin Ember. Political Participation and Peace: Cross-Cultural Codes. Cross-Cultural Research (formerly Behavior Science Research) 27: 97-145.
1993 Bruce Russett, Carol R. Ember, and Melvin Ember. The Democratic Peace in Nonindustrial Societies. In Grasping the Democratic Peace: Principles for a Post-Cold War World by Bruce Russett, with the colloboration of William Antholis, Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember, and Zeev Maoz. Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 99-118.
1993 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Issues in Cross-Cultural Studies of Interpersonal Violence. In Violence and Victims (special issue on “Sociocultural Aspects of Violent Behavior”, Barry Ruback and Neil A. Weiner, eds.) 8: 217-233. Also In Barry Ruback and Neil A. Weiner, eds., Interpersonal Violent Behavior: Social and Cultural Aspects. New York: Springer.
1994 Improvements in Cross-Cultural Research Methods. Cross-Cultural Research (special issue, Part I, in honor of Raoul Naroll) 28:364-370.
1994 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. War, Socialization, and Interpersonal Violence: A Cross-Cultural Study. Journal of Conflict Resolution 38 (1994): 620-646.
1994 Melvin Ember and Carol R. Ember. Cross-Cultural Studies of War and Peace: Recent Achievements and Future Possibilities. In Studying War: Anthropological Perspectives, S. P. Reyna and R. E. Downs, eds. New York: Gordon & Breach, pp. 185-208.
1994 Melvin Ember and Carol R. Ember. Prescriptions for Peace: Policy Implications of Cross-Cultural Research on War and Interpersonal Violence. Cross-Cultural Research (special issue, Part I, in honor of Raoul Naroll) 28:343-350.
1995 Carol R. Ember. The Making of a Cross-Cultural Researcher. In Research Frontiers in Anthropology, Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember, eds. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. Prentice Hall/Simon & Schuster Custom Publishing. Reprinted in Research Frontiers in New Directions in Anthropology, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. CD-ROM. 2004.
1995 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Warfare, Aggression, and Resource Problems: SCCS Codes. World Cultures 9. (An abridged, electronic version of Ember and Ember [1992], “Warfare, Aggression, and Resource Problems: Cross-Cultural Codes.”)
1995 Ember, Melvin, and Carol R. Ember. Worldwide cross-cultural studies and their relevance for archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Research 3, no. 1: 87-111.
1996 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. What Have We Learned From Cross-Cultural Research?. General Anthropology (Bulletin of the Council for General Anthropology), vol. 2, no. 2 (Spring 1996), pp. 1, 5-7.
1996 Carol R. Ember. Cross-Cultural Research. In Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology, David Levinson and Melvin Ember, eds. New York: Henry Holt, pp. 261-265.
1996 Carol R. Ember. Gender Differences and Roles. In Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology, David Levinson and Melvin Ember, eds. New York: Henry Holt, pp. 519-524.
1996 Melvin Ember and Carol R. Ember. Science in Anthropology. In The Teaching of Anthropology: Problems, Issues, and Decisions, Conrad Kottak, Jane White, Richard Furlow, and Patricia Rice, eds. Mountainview, CA: Mayfield.
1996 Melvin Ember and Carol R. Ember. Science in Anthropology. In The Teaching of Anthropology: Problems, Issues, and Decisions, Conrad Kottak, Jane White, Richard Furlow, and Patricia Rice, eds. Mountainview, CA: Mayfield.
1997 Melvin Ember, Carol R. Ember, and Bruce Russett. Inequality and Democracy in the Anthropological Record. In Inequality, Democracy, and Economic Development, Manus I. Midlarsky, ed., New York: Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 110-130.
1997 Marshall H. Segall, Carol R. Ember, and Melvin Ember. Aggression, Crime, and Warfare. In J.W. Berry, M.H. Segall, and C. Kagitcibasi, eds. Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 3: Social Behavior and Applications, Second Edition. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, pp. 213-254.
1997 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Violence in the Ethnographic Record: Results of Cross-Cultural Research on War and Aggression. In Troubled Times: Osteological and Archaeological Evidence of Violence, Debra Martin and David Frayer, eds. Langhorne, PA: Gordon and Breach, pp. 1-20.
1998 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Cross-Cultural Research. In Handbook of Methods in Cultural Anthropology, H. Russell Bernard, ed. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press, pp. 647-687.
1998 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. On Cross-Cultural Research. In Cross-Cultural Research for Social Science, Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember, eds. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Prentice Hall/Simon & Schuster Custom Publishing.
1999 Melvin Ember and Carol R. Ember. Cross-Language Predictors of Consonant-Vowel Syllables. American Anthropologist 101: 730-742.
2000 Melvin Ember and Carol R. Ember. Testing Theory and Why the “Units of Analysis” Problem Is Not a Problem. Ethnology 39: 349-363. http://www.jstor.com/stable/3774051
2000 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. High CV Score: Regular Rhythm or Sonority? American Anthropologist 102: 848-851. http://www.jstor.com/stable/684210
2000 Melvin Ember and Carol R. Ember. Myths About Preindustrial War: Possible Lessons for Peace from Worldwide Cross-Cultural Research. In Cross-Cultural Approaches to Aggression and Reconciliation, J. Martin Ramirez and Deborah R. Richardson, eds. Huntington, NY: NovaScience, pp. 149-166.
2001 Melvin Ember and Carol R. Ember. Making the World More Peaceful: Policy Implications of Cross-Cultural Research. In Prevention and Control of Aggression and the Impact on Its Victims, Manuela Martinez, ed. New York: Kluwer/Plenum, pp. 331-338.
2002 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Father-Absence and Male Aggression: A Reexamination of the Comparative Evidence. Ethos (special issue in honor of Beatrice B. Whiting) 29: 296-314.
2003 Peter N. Peregrine, Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Cross-Cultural Evaluation of Predicted Associations between Race and Behavior. Evolution and Human Behavior 24: 357-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-5138(03)00040-0
2003 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Gender-Based Social Groups. In Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World’s Cultures, Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember, eds. 2 vols. New York: Kluwer/Plenum. Pp. 128-136.
2003 Melvin Ember and Carol R. Ember. Toward the Evolution of a More Civil World. Social Evolution & History 3: 137-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-5138(03)00040-0
2004 Peter N. Peregrine, Melvin Ember, and Carol R. Ember. Predicting the Future State of the World Using Archaeological Data: An Exercise in Archaeomancy. Special Issue. The Future State of the World: An Anthropological Symposium. Robert Bates Graber, Guest Editor. Cross-Cultural Research 38: 133-146. doi: 10.1177/1069397103260510
2004 Peter N. Peregrine, Carol R. Ember, and Melvin Ember. Universal Patterns in Cultural Evolution: An Empirical Analysis Using Guttman Scaling. American Anthropologist 106: 145-149. https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1525/aa.2004.106.1.145
2005 Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember, Andrey Korotayev, and Victor de Munck. Valuing Thinness or Fatness in Women: Re-evaluating the Effect of Resource Scarcity. Evolution and Human Behavior 26: 257-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.02.001
2005 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Explaining Corporal Punishment of Children: A Cross-Cultural Study. American Anthropologist 107: 609-619. https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1525/aa.2005.107.4.609
2006 Carol R. Ember. Introduction. Special Issue: Strategies of Comparative and Cross-Cultural Research. Carol R. Ember, Guest Editor. Cross-Cultural Research 40: 3-5.
2006 Melvin Ember, Carol R. Ember, Peter N. Peregrine, and Sergei Storostin. Cross-Cultural Research as a Rosetta Stone for Discovering the Original Homelands of Protolanguage Groups. Special Issue: Strategies of Comparative and Cross-Cultural Research. Carol R. Ember, Guest Editor Cross-Cultural Research 40: 18-28. doi: 10.1177/1069397105282649
2007 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Climate, Econiche, and Sexuality: Influences on Sonority in Language. American Anthropologist 109: 180-185. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4496596
2007 Peter N. Peregrine, Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Modeling State Origins Using Cross-Cultural Data. Cross-Cultural Research 41: 75-86. doi: 10.1177/1069397106295445
2007 Melvin Ember and Carol R. Ember. Effects of the Physical and Social Environment on Culture: Results of Cross-Cultural Studies. In Studying Societies and Cultures: Marvin Harris’s Cultural Materialism and Its Legacy. Lawrence A. Kuznar and Stephen K. Sanderson, eds, pp. 153-166.
2007 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. War and the Socialization of Children: Comparing Two Evolutionary Models. Cross-Cultural Research 41: 96-122. doi: 1177/1069397106298692
2007 Rejoinder to Munroe and Fought’s Commentary (by Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember). American Anthropologist 109: 785. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.2007.109.4.785
2007 Melvin Ember, Carol R. Ember and Bobbi S. Low. Comparing Explanations of Polygyny. Cross-Cultural Research 41: 428-40. doi: 1177/1069397107307672
2007 Carol R. Ember. Using the HRAF Collection of Ethnography in Conjunction With the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample and the Ethnographic Atlas. Cross-Cultural Research 41: 396-427. doi: 10.1177/1069397107306593
2009 Peter N. Peregrine, Carol R. Ember, and Melvin Ember. Cross-Cultural Research in the Study of Migration: Cultural Features and Language. In Ancient Human Migrations: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Peter N. Peregrine, Ilia Peiros, and Marcus Feldman, eds. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
2010 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Explaining Male Initiation Ceremonies: New Cross-Cultural Tests and a Catalytic Model. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 41: 605-616. doi: 10.1177/0022022110362628
2011 Carol R. Ember. What We Know and What We Don’t Know about Variation in Social Organization: Melvin Ember’s Approach to the Study of Kinship. Special issue editor, Peter N. Peregrine, The Continuing Legacy of Melvin Ember. Cross-Cultural Research 45: 16-36. doi: 10.1177/1069397110383947
2012 Carol R. Ember, Teferi Abate Adem, Ian Skoggard, and Eric C. Jones. Livestock Raiding and Rainfall Variability in Northwest Kenya. Civil Wars 14: 159-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698249.2012.679497
2012 Adem, Teferi Abate, Carol R. Ember, Ian Skoggard, Eric C. Jones, A.J. Faas. Dangerous Geography: Spatial Distribution of Livestock Raiding in Northwestern Kenya. Ethnology 51 (1-2): 1-29. http://www.jstor.com/stable/43657284
2013 Carol R. Ember, guest editor. Special Issue on Coping with Environmental Risk and Uncertainty: Individual and Cultural Responses. Human Nature 24 (1).
2013 Carol R. Ember, Teferi Abate Adem, and Ian Skoggard. 2013. Risk, Uncertainty, and Violence in Eastern Africa: A Cross-Regional Comparison. Human Nature 24: 33-58. doi:10.1007/s12110-012-9157-5
2013 Carol R. Ember. Introduction to “Coping with Environmental Risk and Uncertainty: Individual and Cultural Responses” Human Nature 24: 1-4.
doi:10.1007/s12110-013-9161-4
2013 Carol R. Ember. George Peter Murdock. The Encyclopedia of Cross-Cultural Psychology. Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell. K. D. Keith, ed. doi: 10.1002/9781118339893
2014 Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember, Peter N. Peregrine. Cross-Cultural Research. Handbook of Methods in Cultural Anthropology, 2nd ed. H. Russell Bernard and Clarence Gravlee, eds. AltaMira, pp 561-599.
2014 Carol R. Ember, Ian Skoggard, Teferi Abate Adem & A.J.Faas. Rain and Raids Revisited: Disaggregating Ethnic Group Livestock Raiding in the Ethiopian-Kenyan Border Region, Civil Wars, 16:3, 300-327. doi:10.1080/13698249.2014.966430
2015 Carol R. Ember and Christiane M. Cunnar. Children’s Play and Work: The Relevance of Cross-Cultural Ethnographic Research for Archaeologists. Childhood in the Past: An International Journal 8 (2): 87-103. https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ycip20
2016 Peter N. Peregrine and Carol R. Ember. Network Strategy and War. In Alternative Pathways to Complexity: Households, Markets, World Systems, and Political Economy: Essays Honoring the Legacy of Richard E. Blanton. Lane F. Fargher and Verenice Y. Heredia Espinoza, eds. University Press of Colorado.
2016 Carol R. Ember. Commentary: Considering Language as Expressive Culture. Journal of Language Evolution 1(1): 60-61. doi: 10.1093/jole/lzv005
2016 Kathryn R. Kirby, Russell D. Gray, Simon J. Greenhill, Fiona M. Jordan, Stephanie Gomes-Ng, Hans-Jörg Bibiko, Damián E. Blasi, Carlos A. Botero, Claire Bowern, Carol R. Ember, Dan Leehr, Bobbi S. Low, Joe McCarter, William Divale, Michael C. Gavin. 2016. D-PLACE: A Global Database of Cultural, Linguistic and Environmental Diversity. PLoS ONE 11(7): e0158391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158391
2018 Michael D. Fischer and Carol R. Ember. Big Data and Research Opportunities Using HRAF Databases. In Big Data in Computational Social Science and Humanities, (ed.) Shu-Heng Chen. Springer.
2018 Carol R. Ember, Ian Skoggard, Erik J. Ringen, and Megan Farrer. Our Better Nature: Does Resource Stress Predict Beyond-Household Sharing? Evolution and Human Behavior 39(4), 380-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.03.001
2018 Michael C. Gavin, Patrick H. Kavanagh, Hannah J. Haynie, Claire Bowern, Carol R. Ember, Russell D. Gray, Fiona M. Jordan et al. The Global Geography of Human Subsistence.” Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 9: 171897. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171897
2019 Carol R. Ember, Eric C. Jones, Ian Skoggard, and Teferi Abate Adem. Warfare, Atrocities, and Political Participation: Eastern Africa. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 11(1), 11-23. https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/JACPR-05-2017-0290.
2019 Joshua Conrad Jackson, Marieke van Egmond, Virginia K. Choi, Carol R. Ember, Jamin Halberstadt, Jovana Balanovic, Inger N. Basker et al. 2019. Ecological and Cultural Factors Underlying the Global Distribution of Prejudice. PloS one 14, no. 9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221953
2020 Carol R. Ember, Erik Ringen, Jack Dunnington, and Emily Pitek. Resource Stress and Subsistence Diversification Across Societies. Nature Sustainability 3 (September 2020 ): 737–745. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0542-5
2020 Slingerland, Edward, Quentin D. Atkinson, Carol R. Ember, Oliver Sheehan, Michael Muthukrishna, Joseph Bulbulia, and Russell D. Gray. “Coding culture: challenges and recommendations for comparative cultural databases.” Evolutionary Human Sciences 2: e29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2020.30
2020 Jackson, Joshua Conrad, Michele Gelfand, and Carol R. Ember. 2020. A global analysis of cultural tightness in non-industrial societies. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 287: 20201036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1036
2020 Felzer, B.S., Ember, C.R., Chiang, R., and Jiang, M. The relationships of extreme precipitation and temperature events with ethnographic reports of droughts and floods in nonindustrial societies. Weather, Climate, and Society 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-19-0045.1
2020 Skoggard, Ian, Carol R. Ember, Emily Pitek, Joshua Conrad Jackson, and Christina Carolus. Resource Stress Predicts Changes in Religious Belief and Increases in Sharing Behavior. Human Nature 31(3), 249-271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-020-09371-8
2020 Kavanagh, Patrick H., Hannah J. Haynie, Geoff Kushnick, Bruno Vilela, Ty Tuff, Claire Bowern, Bobbi S. Low, Carol R. Ember, Kathryn R. Kirby, Carlos A. Botero, Michael C. Gavin. Drivers of Global Variation in Land Ownership. Ecography (15 September) https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05205
2020 Carol R. Ember, Teferi Abate Adem, Tahlisa Brougham and Emily Pitek. Predictors of Land Privatization: Cross-Cultural Tests of Defendability and Resource Stress Theory. American Anthropologist 122 (4): 745-758. https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aman.13484
2021 Ember, Carol R., Ian Skoggard, Benjamin Felzer, Emily Pitek, and Mingkai Jiang. Climate Variability, Drought, and the Belief that High Gods are Associated with Weather in Nonindustrial Societies. Weather, Climate and Society, 13(2) DOI
2021 Haynie, H., Kavanagh, P., Jordan, F., Ember, C., Gray, R., Greenhill, S., . . . Gavin, M. (2021). Pathways to social inequality. Evolutionary Human Sciences, 3, E35. doi:10.1017/ehs.2021.32
2022 Pierro, Rachele, Carol R. Ember, Emily Pitek, and Ian Skoggard. Local knowledge and practice in disaster relief: A worldwide cross-cultural comparison of coping mechanisms. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction June 15; 76: 102988.
2022. Wood, Anna L. C., Kathryn R. Kirby, Carol R. Ember, Stella Silbert, Sam Passmore, .Hideo Daikoku, John McBride, Forrestine Paulay, Michael J. Flory, John Szinger, Gideon D’Arcangelo, Karen Kohn Bradley, Marco Guarino, Maisa Atayeva, Jesse Rifkin, Violet Baron, Miriam El Hajli, Martin Szinger, Patrick E. Savage. The Global Jukebox: A Public Database of Performing Arts and Culture. PLOS ONE 17(11): e0275469. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275469
2022 Pierro R, Ember CR, Pitek E, Skoggard I. Local knowledge and practice in disaster relief: A worldwide cross-cultural comparison of coping mechanisms. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2022 Jun 15;76:102988.
2023 Haynie, Hannah J., Geoff Kushnick, Patrick H. Kavanagh, Carol R. Ember, Claire Bowern, Bobbi S. Low, Ty Tuff et al. The biogeography and evolution of land ownership. Journal of Biogeography. DOI: 10.1111/jbi.14603.
2023 Dunn, Robert, Kathryn Kirby, Claire Bowern, Carol Ember, Russell Gray, Joe McCarter, Patrick Kavanaugh, Lauren Nichols, Michelle Trautwein, Michael Gavin, and Carlos Botero. 2023. Climate, Climate Change and the Global Diversity of Human Houses. Evolutionary Human Sciences. In press.
Miscellaneous
1988 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Guide to Cross-Cultural Research Using the HRAF Archive. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files.
1992 Carol R. Ember with the assistance of Hugh Page, Jr., Timothy O’Leary, and M. Marlene Martin. Computerized Concordance of Cross-Cultural Samples. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files.
1996 Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Basic Guide to Cross-Cultural Research Using the HRAF Collection of Ethnography. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files.
1998 Melvin Ember and Carol R. Ember. Facts of Violence. Anthropology Newsletter, October, pp. 14-15.
1998 Melvin Ember and Carol R. Ember. Of War and Peace. Anthropology Newsletter, November, p. 9.
2000 Peter N. Peregrine, Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Teaching Critical Evaluation of Rushton. Anthropology News 41: 2 (February): 29-30.
2001 Melvin Ember and Carol R. Ember. eHRAF Archaeology on the Web. The SAA Archaeological Record, March, pp. 25-26.
2003 Carol R. Ember. Current Issues in Ethnology: Is Ethnography Relevant? Teaching Anthropology: SACC Notes. Volume 9 (2): 7-13.
2008 Melvin Ember and Carol R. Ember. Testing Adaptational Explanations of Culture: The Utility of eHRAF World Cultures and eHRAF Archaeology. General Anthropology: Bulletin of the General Anthropology Division 16 (2): 1-5.
2010 Carol R. Ember, Eric Delson, Jeff Good and Dean R. Snow. Anthropological Data Digital Preservation and Access (AnthroDataDPA) Report from an NSF/Wenner-Gren supported workshop, May 18-20, 2009. http://anthrodatadpa.org/
2013 Carol R. Ember and Robert J. Hanisch. Sustaining Domain Repositories for Digital Data.http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/136145
2014 Carol R. Ember. 2014. “Dwellings” in C. R. Ember, ed. Explaining Human Culture. Human Relations Area Files http://hraf.yale.edu/ehc/summaries/dwellings
2014 Carol R. Ember. “Hunter-Gatherers” in C. R. Ember, ed. Explaining Human Culture. Human Relations Area Files, http://hraf.yale.edu/ehc/summaries/hunter-gatherers
2015 Carol R. Ember. Toward a More General Anthropology. General Anthropology: Bulletin of the General Anthropology Division
2016 Carol R. Ember. Introducing Cross-Cultural Research. Human Relations Area Files. https://hraf.yale.edu/ccc
2017 Carol R. Ember and Christina Carolus. “Altered States of Consciousness” in C. R. Ember, ed. Explaining Human Culture. Human Relations Area Files http://hraf.yale.edu/ehc/summaries/altered-states-of-consciousness
2017 Carol R. Ember, Emily Pitek, and Erik J. Ringen. “Adolescence” in C. R. Ember, ed. Explaining Human Culture. Human Relations Area Files. http://hraf.yale.edu/ehc/summaries/adolescence
2017 Carol R. Ember and Erik J. Ringen. 2017. “Childhood” in C. R. Ember, ed. Explaining Human Culture. Human Relations Area Files. http://hraf.yale.edu/ehc/summaries/childhood
2018 Stephen D. Glazier and Carol R. Ember. “Religion” in C. R. Ember, ed. Explaining Human Culture. New Haven, CT: Human Relations Area Files http://hraf.yale.edu/ehc/summaries/religion
2019 Carol R. Ember, Milagro Escobar, and Noah Rossen. 2019. “Sexuality” In C. R. Ember, ed. Explaining Human Culture. Human Relations Area Files http://hraf.yale.edu/ehc/summaries/sexuality.
2019 Carol R. Ember, Milagro Escobar, Noah Rossen, and Abbe McCarter. “Gender” In C. R. Ember, ed. Explaining Human Culture. Human Relations Area Files https://hraf.yale.edu/ehc/summaries/gender.
2019 Carol R. Ember, Abbe McCarter, and Jack Dunnington. “Art” In C. R. Ember, ed. Explaining Human Culture. Human Relations Area Files http://hraf.yale.edu/ehc/summaries/art.
2020 Carol R. Ember. 2020. “Hunter-Gatherers” in C. R. Ember, ed. Explaining Human Culture. Human Relations Area Files, http://hraf.yale.edu/ehc/summaries/hunter-gatherers
2021 Carol R. Ember, Benjamin Gonzalez, and Daniel McCloskey. 2021. “Marriage and Family” in C. R. Ember, ed. Explaining Human Culture. Human Relations Area Files https://hraf.yale.edu/ehc/summaries/marriage-and-family
2022 Carol R. Ember, Anj Droe, and Danielle Russell. 2022. “Residence and Kinship” in C. R. Ember, ed. Explaining Human Culture. Human Relations Area Files https://hraf.yale.edu/ehc/summaries/residence-and-kinship,
n.d. Carol R. Ember, editor and compiler. Explaining Human Culture. New Haven, CT.: Human Relations Area Files. https://hraf.yale.edu/ehc
Reviews
1977 Psychological Anthropology by Thomas R. Williams, ed. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 8:126-128.
1981 Emerging from the Chrysalis: Studies in Rituals of Women’s Initiation by Bruce Lincoln. Journal of Psychoanalytic Anthropology 4:489-492.
1983 Universals of Human Thought: Some African Evidence by Barbara Lloyd and John Gay, eds. American Anthropologist 85:195-196.
1983 Toward Explaining Human Culture: Critical Review of the Findings of Worldwide Cross-Cultural Research by David Levinson and Martin J. Malone. American Anthropologist 85:188-189.
1983 Psyche and Society: Explorations in Psychoanalytic Sociology by Robert Endelman. Man 18:431-432.
1987 Varieties of Sexual Experience by Suzanne G. Frayser. Man 22:196-197.
2000 Hierarchy in the Forest: The Evolution of Egalitarian Behavior by Christopher Boehm. American Anthropologist 103: 562-563.